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排序方式: 共有4014条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Nicolas Pallet Eric Thervet Corinne Alberti Violaine Emal-Aglaé Janine Bedrossian Frank Martinez Carine Roy Christophe Legendre 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(11):2682-2687
Despite recent improvement, significant racial disparities in outcome still persist after renal transplantation among African American patients in the United States. This study evaluated the association of race and ethnicity with allograft outcomes in a French population of 952 Caucasian (Cauc) patients and 140 African European (AE) patients who underwent renal transplantation in our center between 1987 and 2003. Demographic characteristics were similar for the two cohorts other than cause of end-stage renal failure (more hypertension among AE and more polycystic kidney disease among Cauc) and cold ischemia time (significantly longer for AE). Immunosuppressive treatment was comparable between groups. There were no significant differences between AE and Cauc in the incidence of acute rejection (31% vs. 30%). At 5 years post-transplant, patient survival (93% vs. 92%), graft survival (83% in both groups) and graft function (creatinine clearance 48 mL/min vs. 45 mL/min) were also similar among the AE and Cauc patients. We demonstrate that ethnic origin does not affect outcome after renal transplantation in France. Therefore, differences observed in the United States cannot be only related to immunologic or pharmacologic factors. The results of renal transplantation in patients of African origin could be improved with universal immunosuppressive drug coverage. 相似文献
3.
Non-digestible oligosaccharides — potential anticancer agents? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
4.
Remyelination of the central nervous system: a valuable contribution from the periphery. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The loss of myelin, a major element involved in the saltatory conduction of the electrical impulse of the nervous system, is a major target of current research. Serious long-term disabilities are observed in patients with demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis. New therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming myelin damage and axonal loss focus on the repair potential of myelin-forming cells. This review examines the use of peripheral myelin-forming cells, the Schwann cells, to promote myelin repair. 相似文献
5.
6.
Allan L. Reiss Lisa Freund Leslie Plotnick Thomas Baumgardner Kathleen Green Amanda C. Sozer Mark Reader Corinne Boehm Martha B. Denckla 《Annals of neurology》1993,34(1):95-107
Monosomy for the X chromosome is the most frequent cause of Turner's syndrome, a common clinical syndrome associated with particular physical and neurobehavioral features. The results from comprehensive assessment of prepubertal monozygotic female twins discordant for X monosomy are presented. Zygosity was established with DNA Fingerprinting and no evidence of chromosomal mosaicism was seen in either child. Physical features in the affected twin were relatively mild with respect to the full spectrum of physical malformations and disabilities associated with Turner's syndrome. The neurobehavioral phenotypes of the twins were compared. Although both sisters scored in the superior range of intelligence, the affected twin's Performance IQ was 18 points less than her sister, whereas Verbal IQ showed only a 3-point difference between the sisters. Other relative differences were noted within the executive, visuospatial, and visuomotor domains of function. Behavioral evaluation indicated greater problems with attention, hyperactivity, and anxiety in the affected twin. Quantitative analysis of brain anatomy revealed evidence of both general and regional effects of X monosomy on neurodevelopment. Cerebrospinal fluid volume was increased by 25% in the affected twin compared with her sister with a corresponding decrease in gray matter volume. The right frontal, right parietal–occipital, and left parietal-perisylvian regions showed the greatest discrepancy between the sisters with respect to increased cerebrospinal fluid and decreased gray matter volumes in the twin with X monosomy. Differences in the posterior fossa were also noted with a 50% relative increase in the volumes of the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna and a 10 to 15% relative reduction in size of the cerebellar vermis, pons, and medulla in the affected twin. The association between the neurobehavioral and neuroanatomical findings in the affected twin is discussed. The unique nature of the naturally occurring genetic phenomenon seen in this twin pair provides an opportunity to more fully elucidate the neurobehavioral phenotype associated with X monosomy and Turner's syndrome. 相似文献
7.
Stehle Robert Lionne Corinne Travers Franck Barman Tom 《Journal of muscle research and cell motility》1998,19(4):381-392
We have exploited solvent perturbation to probe the coupling of Ca2+ and rigor activation of the ATPase of myofibrils from rabbit psoas. Three techniques were used: overall myofibrillar ATPases
by the rapid-flow quench method; kinetics of the interaction of ATP with myofibrils by fluorescence stopped-flow; and myofibrillar
shortening by optical microscopy. Because of its extensive use with muscle systems, ranging from myosin subfragment-1 to muscle
fibres, we chose 40% ethylene glycol as the relaxing agent. At 4°C, the glycol had little effect on the myofibrillar ATPase
at low [Ca2+], but at high [Ca2+] the activity was reduced 50-fold, close to the level found under relaxing conditions, and there was no shortening. However,
the ATPase of chemically cross-linked myofibrils (permanently activated even without Ca2+) was reduced only 3–4-fold. The lesser reduction of the ATPase of permanently activated myofibrils was also observed in single
turnover experiments in which activation occurs by a few heads in the rigor state activating the remaining heads. The addition
of ADP, which also promotes strong head-thin filament interactions, also activated the ATPase but only in the presence of
Ca2+. Further experiments revealed that in 40% ethylene glycol, Ca2+ does initiate shortening but only with the aid of strong interactions and at temperatures above 15°C. This confirms that
in the organized and intact myofibril, Ca2+ and rigor activation are coupled, as proposed previously for regulated actomyosin subfragment-1.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Etienne O Gasnier C Taddei C Voegel JC Aunis D Schaaf P Metz-Boutigue MH Bolcato-Bellemin AL Egles C 《Biomaterials》2005,26(33):6704-6712
The surface of medical devices is a common site of bacterial and fungal adhesion, first step to the constitution of a resistant biofilm leading frequently to chronic infections. In order to prevent such complications, several physical and chemical modifications of the device surface have been proposed. Here, we experiment a new type of topical antifungal coating using the layer-by-layer technique. The nanometric multilayer film obtained by this technique is functionalized by the insertion of a chromogranin A-derived antifungal peptide (CGA 47-66, chromofungin). We show that the embedded peptide keeps its antifungal activity by interacting with the fungal membrane and penetrating into the cell. In vitro studies demonstrate that such an antifungal coating is able to inhibit the growth of yeast Candida albicans by 65% and completely stop the proliferation of filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The cytotoxicity of such a coating was also assessed by growing human gingival fibroblasts at its surface. Finally, the antifungal coating of poly(methylmethacrylate), a widely used material for biomedical devices, is successfully tested in an in vivo oral candidiasis rat model. Taken together, these results assessed the functionalized multilayer films containing a new potent antifungal non-toxic peptide, as a novel and promising technique for local antifungal protection. 相似文献
9.
Peter Lane Corinne Burdet Fiona McConnell Antonio Lanzavecchia Elisabetta Padovan 《European journal of immunology》1995,25(6):1788-1793
We report the capacity of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-negative T cell clones to activate human B cells. CD40L-negative T cells induce a level of B cell proliferation 10–20% of that seen with normal T cells. The signal provided by the negative clones is synergistic with that derived from a CD40L transfectant, and restores B cell proliferation to normal levels, showing that CD40L-negative T cell clones are not inherently inhibitory for B cells. Although their capacity to induce proliferation was much reduced, CD40L-negative T cell clones were still strong inducers of B cell differentiation to plasma cells. This differentiation to plasma cells was inhibited by a CD40L transfectant. The data are discussed with regard to the normal in vivo mechanism for maintaining B cell memory and memory antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. 相似文献
10.
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 distinctively modulates T-cell cycling and expansion via toll-like receptor 2 signaling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sturm A Rilling K Baumgart DC Gargas K Abou-Ghazalé T Raupach B Eckert J Schumann RR Enders C Sonnenborn U Wiedenmann B Dignass AU 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(3):1452-1465
Although the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 has been proven to be efficacious for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, the underlying mechanisms of action still remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of E. coli Nissle 1917 on cell cycling and apoptosis of peripheral blood and lamina propria T cells (PBT and LPT, respectively). Anti-CD3-stimulated PBT and LPT were treated with E. coli Nissle 1917-conditioned medium (E. coli Nissle 1917-CM) or heat-inactivated E. coli Nissle 1917. Cyclin B1, DNA content, and caspase 3 expression were measured by flow cytometry to assess cell cycle kinetics and apoptosis. Protein levels of several cell cycle and apoptosis modulators were determined by immunoblotting, and cytokine profiles were determined by cytometric bead array. E. coli Nissle 1917-CM inhibits cell cycling and expansion of peripheral blood but not mucosal T cells. Bacterial lipoproteins mimicked the effect of E. coli Nissle 1917-CM; in contrast, heat-inactivated E. coli Nissle 1917, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA did not alter PBT cell cycling. E. coli Nissle 1917-CM decreased cyclin D2, B1, and retinoblastoma protein expression, contributing to the reduction of T-cell proliferation. E. coli Nissle 1917 significantly inhibited the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon but increased IL-10 production in PBT. Using Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) knockout mice, we further demonstrate that the inhibition of PBT proliferation by E. coli Nissle 1917-CM is TLR-2 dependent. The differential reaction of circulating and tissue-bound T cells towards E. coli Nissle 1917 may explain the beneficial effect of E. coli Nissle 1917 in intestinal inflammation. E. coli Nissle 1917 may downregulate the expansion of newly recruited T cells into the mucosa and limit intestinal inflammation, while already activated tissue-bound T cells may eliminate deleterious antigens in order to maintain immunological homeostasis. 相似文献