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1.
Harinakshi Sanikini David C. Muller Marisa Sophiea Sabina Rinaldi Antonio Agudo Eric J. Duell Elisabete Weiderpass Kim Overvad Anne Tjønneland Jytte Halkjær Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault Franck Carbonnel Iris Cervenka Heiner Boeing Rudolf Kaaks Tilman Kühn Antonia Trichopoulou Georgia Martimianaki Anna Karakatsani Valeria Pala Domenico Palli Amalia Mattiello Rosario Tumino Carlotta Sacerdote Guri Skeie Charlotta Rylander María-Dolores Chirlaque López Maria-Jose Sánchez Eva Ardanaz Sara Regnér Tanja Stocks Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Roel C.H. Vermeulen Dagfinn Aune Tammy Y.N. Tong Nathalie Kliemann Neil Murphy Marc Chadeau-Hyam Marc J. Gunter Amanda J. Cross 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(4):929-942
Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric noncardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI ≥30 vs. 18.5–25 kg/m2: HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.03) and women (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. After mutual adjustment for BMI and HC, respectively, WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs. <0.91; HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52–4.72 for WC >98 vs. <90 cm) and women (HR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.35–14.33 for WHR >0.82 vs. <0.76; HR = 5.67, 95% CI: 1.76–18.26 for WC >84 vs. <74 cm). WHR was also positively associated with GC in women, and WC was positively associated with GC in men. Inverse associations were observed between parity and EA (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.99; >2 vs. 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91; >26 vs. <22 years); whereas bilateral ovariectomy was positively associated with GNC (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.36). These findings support a role for hormonal pathways in upper gastrointestinal cancers. 相似文献
2.
Saifudin Rashiq Diane Edlund Bruce D Dick 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2006,6(1):8-6
Background
There are no published utilities for the post-anesthesia state obtained by the standard gamble method (SG). 相似文献3.
Radiation therapy has been a major treatment option for patients with prostate cancer with documented efficacy over the last 30 years. Recent research has shown a correlation between improved local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival and dose delivered. Excessive dose to the rectum is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the treatment of prostate cancer. The RTOG and others have suggested dose limitations based on various treatment parameters. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is becoming more widely used, with the goal of improving dose coverage while limiting morbidity. In an effort to evaluate our inverse-planning technique relative to our forward-planned technique based on rectal dose, 2 plans were generated on 10 patients. One plan was generated with 9-field forward planning, using 2 posterior obliques to decrease dose to the rectum. The other plan utilized inverse IMRTplanning. To evaluate dose to the rectum, we compared the dose gradient from the posterior edge of the prostate across the anterior third of the rectal wall. This gradient, which is not part of the IMRT planning objectives, proved useful in assessing plan differences, and led to new dose objectives for certain IMRT plans. 相似文献
4.
J. Harro Charlotta Löfberg Rein Pähkla Vallo Matto Lembit Rägo Lars Oreland Lembit Allikmets 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1996,355(1):57-63
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide recently implicated in affective disorders. This study aimed at measuring the levels
of different molecular forms of CCK and the binding characteristics of CCKB receptors in the rat brain after three weeks of treatment with four different antidepressants, imipramine, amitriptyline,
desipramine, and citalopram (all at the dose of 10 mg/kg once per day i.p.). Chronic treatment with imipramine and desipramine
had a significant immobility-reducing effect in the Porsolt‘s swim test. The effect of amitriptyline, albeit in the same direction,
was not significant, and citalopram had no effect in this test. In the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety, all drugs tended
to increase the number of open arm entries and the ratio open/total arm entries, but only the effects of imipramine were statistically
significant. None of the treatments affected the total levels of CCK or the levels of CCK-8-sulphated, CCK-8-nonsulphated,
CCK-5, or CCK-4 in the frontal cortex. There was no effect of the treatments on CCKB receptor binding in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, or striatum. Imipramine and amitriptyline, however, increased the affinity
of CCKB receptor binding in the hypothalamus. Thus, no consistent effect of chronic antidepressant treatment on the CCK-ergic neurotransmission
in the rats was found.
Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 26 August 1996 相似文献
5.
Intranasal immunization of mice with group B streptococcal protein rib and cholera toxin B subunit confers protection against lethal infection 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Intranasal immunization of mice with Rib, a cell surface protein of group B streptococcus (GBS), conjugated to or simply coadministered with the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, induces systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and local IgA antibody responses and confers protection against lethal GBS infection. These findings have implications for the development of a human GBS vaccine. 相似文献
6.
Apolipoprotein E modulates immune activation by acting on the antigen-presenting cell 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is synthesized by a variety of cells including macrophages. These cells activate T lymphocytes by antigen presentation, while the T-cell cytokine, interferon-gamma, inhibits macrophage ApoE expression. ApoE inhibits T-cell proliferation in culture but its role in immune responses has been unclear. The ApoE-deficient (E0) mouse permits an evaluation of the immunological role of ApoE. We have analysed T-cell responses to an exogenous antigen (ovalbumin) and polyclonal mitogen (concanavalin A) in E0 and ApoE+/+ mice. Macrophages of E0 mice stimulated T-cell activation more effectively as antigen-presenting cells than macrophages from ApoE+/+ mice. Both proliferation and interferon-gamma secretion were enhanced in T cells activated in the context of antigen-presenting cells from E0 mice. Since the macrophage-T-cell interaction depends on interactions between cell surface molecules, we assessed the expression of such molecules after in vivo stimulation with interferon-gamma. This treatment caused an increased expression of the co-stimulatory surface proteins CD40 and CD80, and also of the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules I-Ab on macrophages of E0 mice compared with ApoE+/+. Our data suggest that ApoE inhibits T-cell activation by reducing the density of immune stimulatory proteins on antigen-presenting cells. 相似文献
7.
p190RhoGAP can act to inhibit PDGF-induced gliomas in mice: a putative tumor suppressor encoded on human chromosome 19q13.3
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Wolf RM Draghi N Liang X Dai C Uhrbom L Eklöf C Westermark B Holland EC Resh MD 《Genes & development》2003,17(4):476-487
p190RhoGAP and Rho are key regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation. The gene encoding p190RhoGAP is located at 19q13.3 of the human chromosome, a locus that is deleted in 50%-80% of oligodendrogliomas. Here we provide evidence that p190RhoGAP may suppress gliomagenesis by inducing a differentiated glial phenotype. Using a cell culture model of autocrine loop PDGF stimulation, we show that reduced Rho activity via p190RhoGAP overexpression or Rho kinase inhibition induced cellular process extension, a block in proliferation, and reduced expression of the neural precursor marker nestin. In vivo infection of mice with retrovirus expressing PDGF and the p190 GAP domain caused a decreased incidence of oligodendrogliomas compared with that observed with PDGF alone. Independent experiments revealed that the retroviral vector insertion site in 3 of 50 PDGF-induced gliomas was within the p190RhoGAP gene. This evidence strongly suggests that p190 regulates critical components of PDGF oncogenesis and can act as a tumor suppressor in PDGF-induced gliomas by down-regulating Rho activity. 相似文献
8.
Frequent transmission of enterococcal strains between mechanically ventilated patients treated at an intensive care unit
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The objectives of this investigation were to study the respiratory tract colonization and transmission of enterococci between 20 patients treated with mechanical ventilation at an intensive care unit (ICU), to compare genotyping with phenotyping, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolated enterococci. Samples were collected from the oropharynx, stomach, subglottic space, and trachea within 24 h of intubation, every third day until day 18, and thereafter every fifth day until day 33. Enterococcal isolates (n = 170) were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and with the PhenePlate (PhP) system. The antimicrobial susceptibilities to five agents were determined. Seventeen of the 20 subjects were colonized with enterococci in the respiratory tract; 12 were colonized in the lower respiratory tract. Genotype analyses suggested that 13 patients were involved in a transmission event, including all patients intubated more than 12 days. In conclusion, colonization of resistant enterococci in the respiratory tract of intubated patients treated at an ICU was common. Transmission of enterococci between patients occurred frequently. Prolonged intubation period seems to be a risk factor for enterococcal cross-transmission. 相似文献
9.
C. Edlund S. Sabouri C. E. Nord 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1998,17(3):193-195
The in vitro activity of BAY 12-8039 against 360 anaerobic clinical isolates was determined by the agar dilution method and compared to that of five other antimicrobial agents. BAY 12-8039 and imipenem were the most active agents tested. The following MIC90 values were determined for BAY 12-8039Peptostreptococcus spp. (50 isolates), 1 mg/l;Propionibacterium acnes (30 isolates), 0.25 mg/l;Clostridium perfringens (30 isolates), 0.5 mg/l;Clostridium difficile (50 isolates), 2 mg/l;Bacteroides fragilis (50 isolates), 1 mg/l;non- fragilis Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, andPrevotella spp. (100 isolates), 2 mg/l; andFusobacterium spp. (50 isolates), 0.25 mg/l. The results of the present study show that BAY 12-8039 may be useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of anaerobic infections. 相似文献
10.
Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hypothiocyanite-hydrogen peroxide mixtures 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
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Lactoperoxidase catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide into hypothiocyanite, a reaction which can protect bacterial and mammalian cells from killing by hydrogen peroxide. The present study demonstrates, however, that lactoperoxidase in the presence of thiocyanate can actually potentiate the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide under specific conditions, such as when hydrogen peroxide is present in the reaction mixtures in excess of thiocyanate. The toxic agent was also formed in the absence of lactoperoxidase in a reaction between hypothiocyanite and hydrogen peroxide. Sulfate, sulfite, cyanate, carbonate, and ammonia, which have been postulated to be formed in the chemical oxidation of hypothiocyanite by hydrogen peroxide, were not bactericidal and did not potentiate the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide. Cyanosulfurous acid, the only other postulated product of the chemical oxidation of hypothiocyanite by hydrogen peroxide, may be the killing agent. 相似文献