中国精神分裂症患者不同家庭干预措施效果比较的meta分析

目的对中国精神分裂症患者采取家庭干预的研究文献进行综合回顾和系统评价, 比较不同条件下家庭干预效果的差异。方法在中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库四大中文数据库及OVID Medline、Science Direct、Web of Science、EBSCO四大英文数据库中, 检索各数据库建库至2015年1月为止使用社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、简明精神病(科)量表(BPRS)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)研究中国精神分裂症患者家庭干预效果的文献, 以标准化加权均数差( SMD)作为效应量, 采用meta分析比较不同干预时间、不同干预类型、对不同病程和不同严重程度的精神分裂症患者的家庭干预效果差异。 结果共纳入57篇符合标准的文献。SDSS、PANSS分析结果显示:① 干预时间越长干预效果越好( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0025);② 单独家庭干预比多个家庭合并单独家庭干预的效果更明显( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0131);③ 干预对于病情较重患者效果较好( P < 0.0001、 P=0.0280)。SDSS量表还显示家庭干预对于病程短的患者效果更好( P < 0.0001)。 结论家庭干预更适合病程较短的精神分裂症患者, 干预应实施较长时间; 单独家庭干预更有利于患者阴性症状的改善和社会功能的康复, 且对于病情较轻患者的阴性症状改善效果更好。     

谷氨酸对腺苷A2A受体调节一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

目的探讨谷氨酸是否能够影响腺苷A2A受体对一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力的调节。方法用1000ng／ml脂多糖（LPS）刺激小胶质细胞，分别加入100nmol／L A2A受体激动剂CGS21680以及不同浓度的谷氨酸（0，1，0，25，0，5mmol／L）干预，观察NOS活力变化。结果LPS诱导NOS活力增高，激活A2A受体可以产生抑制作用；0，25及0．5mmoL／L谷氨酸和A2A受体激动剂同时存在时，NOS活力进一步增高。结论高浓度谷氨酸可逆转腺苷A2A受体激动剂抑制升高NOS活力的作用。     

后牙两段式可摘局部义齿的设计与制作

目的:改进常规可摘局部义齿设计的不足,增进固位、稳定。方法:采用两段式义齿结构、两个就位方向和插销锁连接固定。结果:义齿的固位、稳定效果明显提高。结论:插销式分段义齿是对常规可摘局部义齿的一种补充,对主基牙过度倾斜、固位要求高的患者,能够明显改善修复效果。     

Severe odontogenic infections

Background : Severe odontogenic infections are serious potentially lethal conditions. Following the death of a patient in the authors' institution this study was initiated to determine the risk factors, management and outcome of a consecutive series of patients.
Methods : All patients admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital under the care of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit with odontogenic infections in calendar year 2003 were investigated. Detailed information relative to their pre-presentation history, surgical and anaesthetic management and outcome was obtained and analysed.
Results : Forty-eight patients, 32M, 16F, average age 34.5, range 19 to 88 years were treated. All presented with pain and swelling, with 21 (44 per cent) having trismus. Forty-four (92 per cent) were as a result of dental neglect and four (8 per cent) were regular dental patients having endodontic treatment which failed. Of those known to have been treated prior to presentation, most had been on antibiotics. Most patients had aggressive surgical treatment with extraction, surgical drainage, high dose intravenous antibiotics and rehydration. The hospital stay was 3.3 (range 1–16) days. Patients requiring prolonged intubation and high dependency or intensive care (40 per cent) had longer hospitalization. No patient died and all fully recovered.
Conclusion : Severe odontogenic infections are a serious risk to the patient's health and life. Management is primarily surgical with skilled anaesthetic airway management. Antibiotics are required in high intravenous doses as an adjunct and not as a primary treatment.     

The prevalence of chromium allergy in Denmark is currently increasing as a result of leather exposure

Background Chromium allergy has traditionally been caused by occupational skin contact with cement. In 1983, Danish legislation made the addition of ferrous sulphate compulsory in cement to reduce the water‐soluble chromium content to not more than 2 ppm. An effect from this intervention has previously been demonstrated among Danish construction workers. Objectives To investigate the development of chromium allergy among patients with dermatitis tested between 1985 and 2007 in Denmark. Furthermore, to determine causative exposures in patients with chromium allergy. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of patch test data was performed (n = 16 228) and charts from patients with chromium allergy were reviewed. Comparisons were made using a χ² test. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations. Results The prevalence of chromium allergy decreased significantly from 3·6% in 1985 to 1% in 1995 (P_trend < 0·001) but increased to 3·3% in 2007 (P_trend < 0·001). The frequency of clinically relevant cement exposure decreased significantly among patients with chromium allergy from 12·7% in 1989–1994 to 3·0% (P < 0·01) in 1995–2007, whereas the frequency of relevant leather exposure increased significantly from 24·1% during 1989–1994 to 45·5% during 1995–2007 (P < 0·02). Conclusions Chromium allergy is currently increasing in Denmark due to leather exposure.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与DSA的对照研究

目的:通过和冠脉造影对比,评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法:28例患者同时行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和有创性冠脉造影检查,依据AHA17段分段法,评价所有有效节段,并将两者进行对比。结果:冠脉造影显示阴性病例占7.1%(2例),单只病变占21.4%(6例),多支病变占71.4%(20例)。按节段分析,CT检出冠脉狭窄的敏感度,特异度,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.1%,94.6%,90.0和95.3%。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和传统的冠脉造影检查对检出正常冠脉节段以及狭窄节段具有很好的一致性。     

Lung function development in the first 2 yr of life is independent of allergic diseases by 2 yr

The aim of the study was to assess if lung function at birth predicts lung function at 2 yr and secondly, if lung function development was influenced by the common phenotypes of recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) or atopic eczema (AE) by 2 yr. Lung function was assessed at birth (n = 802) and at 2 yr within the prospective birth cohort study 'the Environment and Childhood Asthma Study' in Oslo. The 135 children with lung function measured at birth by tidal flow volume (TFV) loops and passive respiratory mechanics, who were included in a nested case-control study were reinvestigated at 2 yr with clinical examination, TFV loops (n = 90) (mean age 26.6 (3.7 s.d.) months), skin prick test and parental interview. Children were categorized into quartiles (lower, middle two, upper) according to time to peak tidal expiratory flow/total expiratory time (t(PTEF)/t(E)) at birth as well as clinical phenotype based on the presence of rBO and/or AE (ever) by 2 yr. The observed reduction in mean t(PTEF)/t(E) from birth to 2 yr within the quartiles, were not significantly different after controlling for 'regression to the mean'. t(PTEF)/t(E) at birth correlated significantly with t(PTEF)/t(E) at 2 yr, (r = 0.475, p < 0.001). Children with both rBO and AE by 2 yr had significantly lower t(PTEF)/t(E) at 2 yr (p = 0.002) and at birth (p = 0.027), compared with children with no rBO or AE. Clinical phenotype at 2 yr did not influence the change in t(PTEF)/t(E) from birth to 2 yr. This study demonstrates a clear tracking of lung function from birth, not influenced by rBO or AE by 2 yr.     

鼻咽癌CT灌注成像及其生物学相关性研究

目的研究鼻咽癌CT灌注值与肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）、肿瘤分期的关系，探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像对鼻咽癌的临床应用价值。方法49例鼻咽部CT灌注检查中，鼻咽癌组30例，鼻咽癌放疗后组14例，正常鼻咽部5例，测量鼻咽癌和鼻咽黏膜位置的血流量（BF）、最大强化指数（PEI）、峰值到达时间（TTP）及血容量（BV）作为灌注指标，其中16例鼻咽癌活检组织行免疫组织化学CD34单抗染色后，Weidner方法计数MVD。各组灌注值比较行方差分析，CT灌注值、肿瘤分期与MVD之间行Spearman等级相关分析。结果49例中1例鼻咽癌灌注检查失败。鼻咽癌组（29例）肿瘤CT灌注值BF为（48．6±16．9）ml·100g^-1·min^-1，PEI为（32．3±7．9）HU，TTP为（17．5±4．9）s，BV为（12．8±4．4）ml·100g^-1；正常对照组（5例）BF、PEI、TTP、BV值分别为（15．9±5．9）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、（12.6±1．3）HU、（22．6±6．9）s、（3．5±0．5）ml·100g^-1；鼻咽癌放疗后组（14例）BF、PEI、TTP、BV值分别为（25．2±7．0）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、（19．8±5．9）HU、（22．6±4．3）s、（6．1±2．4）ml·100g^-1，三组各灌注值差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01）；相关分析显示，鼻咽癌组（29例）中TNM分期（其中Ⅰ期3例，Ⅱ期9例，Ⅲ期10例，Ⅳ期7例）与PEI和BV存在相关性（r值分别为0．48和0．50），与BF和TTP无明显相关性（r值分别为0．23和0．22）；16例鼻咽癌MVD为（30．8±12．6）个／高倍镜视野，与其BF（51．4±17．0）ml·100g^-1·min^-1、PEI（33．2±9．6）HU和TTP（16．3±4．1）8存在相关性（r值分别为0．85、0．60和0．78），与BV（13．2±5．6）ml·100g^-1弱相关（r=0．48）。结论鼻咽癌有着特征的CT灌注表现，多层螺旋CT灌注成像的灌注值可以反映鼻咽癌微血管密度特征，PEI和BV值与鼻咽癌的TNM分期存在一定的相关性。     

急性重症胆管炎的介入治疗

目的讨论经皮经肝穿刺放置引流管(简称PTCD)减压引流治疗急性重症胆管炎(简称AOSC)的可行性及疗效.方法 1996年3月～2001年4月行PTCD治疗AOSC病人15例,男10例,女5例,胆石症术后8例,胆管癌2例,胰腺癌3例,胆道畸形2例,其中4例放置了胆道内支架.结果 15例病人技术成功率100%,无1例出现穿刺置管所致的严重并发症.病情缓解后针对病因有8例行手术治疗痊愈,4例不能手术的肿瘤患者植入了胆道内支架,1例于置管后3d死于多脏器功能衰竭,2例置管引流病情稳定后因各种原因放弃继续治疗,保留引流管自动出院.结论 PTCD可有效降低胆管压力,缓解病情,降低AOSC的死亡率,为进一步的病因治疗创造条件.     

云克治疗类风湿关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察云克 (99Tc- MDP)治疗类风湿关节炎 (RA)的疗效。 方法:对 80例类风湿关节炎 (RA)患者应用云克进行静脉治疗 2 1d,并对治疗前后的相关指标进行对照分析。结果 :治疗前与治疗后相比 ,患者晨僵持续时间、握力、ESR、CRP、RF有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,患者关节压痛数及关节肿胀数差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 结论:云克治疗类风湿关节炎能改善临床症状及实验室指标 ,远期疗效好 ,而且毒副作用小。