白细胞三烯病理生理学受体生物学和受体拮抗剂

白细胞三烯(Leukotrienes,LT)C4、D_4和E_4是一组花生四烯酸5-脂氧酶途径的代谢产物,其理化性质和生物活性与过敏性慢反应物质(SRS-A)相似。因此,目前都认为SRS-A就是三者的混合物。LTC_4、LTD_4和LTE_4的化学结构已于八十年代早期被证明,其后进行了人工合成,大大推进了对它的研究工作。有关LT在炎症和过敏反应中的重要作用已有许多综述,本文将重点讨论LT在呼吸、心血管和肾脏病生理方面的作用和有关LT受体性质、传导机理以及拮抗剂的发展。     

肝硬化合并上消化道出血252例分析

本文对252例肝硬化上消化道出血病人，经胃镜检查96％病例发现出血灶，其中57.8％为食管静脉曲张破裂，28．9％为出血糜烂性胃炎，9．3％为消化性溃疡出血。其发病机理与肝功能衰竭和门脉高压所致的胃粘膜血循环障碍及应激等因素有关。     

Report of the Committee for the Evaluation of Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Coronary Thrombosis with Myocardial Infarction; a progress report on the statistical analysis of the first 800 cases studied by this committee

This report summarizes the results obtained by a preliminary statistical analysis of the first 800 cases studied by the Committee for the Evaluation of Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Coronary Thrombosis With Myocardial Infarction. In the analysis the incidence of deaths and of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications has been compared in a “control” series of patients treated by conventional methods alone and in a series of “treated” patients who received anticoagulants (Dicumarol, heparin, or both) in addition to conventional therapy. The composition of the two groups was found to be essentially the same.The rates of deaths and the number of thromboembolic complications per 100 cases have been calculated for the control and treated groups as a whole, by week of illness, by age of patient, and by type and location of the specific thromboembolic complication. The percentage of patients developing one or more complications has also been analyzed. The results in every category studied indicate that the use of anticoagulants improves strikingly the outlook of the patient suffering a coronary occlusion with myocardial infarction.The incidence of hemorrhagic manifestations was also analyzed. It was found that about six minor or moderate hemorrhagic manifestations per 100 cases occur in patients not receiving anticoagulants. This incidence is about six per 100 higher in patients receiving anticoagulants.     

妇女膳食中锰,血色铁和非血色铁的干扰

本文研究了４７名妇女摄取典型膳食时，其膳食中血色素铁，非血色素铁和锰对血液学和营养学指标之间的相互关系，随着膳食中铁（主要为非血色素铁）的增加，对红细胞容积、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白浓度有不确定的影响。而对锰营养状况（血清锰、尿锰和淋巴细胞锰依赖性ＳＯＤ活性）有负的影响。相反，血色素铁摄取与血液学指标呈正相关，而对锰的营养状况无影响。膳食锰摄入量不同对锰和铁状状指标无一致性的影响。可能由于含明显量锰的食…     

The spectrum of NGC 7027 (367-650 nm)

NGC 7027 shows the richest spectrum of any known gaseous nebula. In the region of the spectrum surveyed we have measured lines of ions of H, He, C, N, O, F, Ne, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe using the new Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph of Lick Observatory with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. Since a CCD is a linear detector, whereas photographic emulsions used in the most comprehensive previous studies were not, a considerable enhancement in the accuracy of line intensity measurements is possible.     

Comparison of efficacy of ginger with various antimotion sickness drugs

Ginger and several other medications were compared with scopolamine and d-amphetamine for effectiveness in prevention of motion sickness. Methods: Double-blind techniques were used. The subjects were given the medications two hours before they were rotated in a chair making head movements until a symptom total short of vomiting was reached. Standardized N.A.S.A. techniques were used for speed of rotation and end-point of motion sickness. Results: The three doses of ginger were all at the placebo level of efficacy. Amitriptyline, ethopropazine and trihexyphenidyl increased the tolerated head movements but the increase was not statistically significant. Significant levels of protection were produced by dimenhydrinate, promethazine, scopolamine and d-amphetamine. Protection was further increased by combination of these latter drugs with d-amphetamine. Efficacy was greatest as the dose was increased. Conclusions: The medication of choice in this study was scopolamine 0.6 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg. This combination provided good protection with acceptable side effects.