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1.
用体外培养的人的伪表皮作为模型,进行药物毒理学作用的研究,观察了二甲亚砜(DMSO)在不同浓度和不同接触时间条件下,对人的伪表皮细胞脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)、核糖核酸(RNA)和蛋白质合成的影响:随着接触时间的延长,DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成均受抑制。低浓度条件下(1%),DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成增加;在15~50%浓度下,DNA和蛋白质合成抑制,而RNA合成仍增加;在高浓度条件下(70%~100%),DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成均明显抑制。 相似文献
2.
Research brief: A bibliometric analysis by geographic area of published research in several biomedical fields, 1995–2003 下载免费PDF全文
Matthew E. Falagas Argyris S. Michalopoulos Ioannis A. Bliziotis Elpidoforos S. Soteriades 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2006,175(11):1389-1390
We summarized the findings of several studies of ours to compare the quantity and quality of published research from around the world for the years 1995 to 2003. We evaluated the number of articles published and their mean journal impact factor. We also studied the research productivity of various areas adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP) and population. We found that Western Europe leads the world in published research on infectious diseases–microbiology (82 342 articles [38.8%]) and in cardiopulmonary medicine (67 783 articles [39.5%]), whereas the United States ranks first in the fields of preventive medicine, public health and epidemiology both in quantity (23 918 articles [49.1%]) and quality of published papers. However, after adjustments for GDP, Canada ranked first, with the United States and Oceania following closely behind. All of the developing regions had only small research contributions in all of the biomedical fields examined. 相似文献
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The quantity and quality of published research in the field of Virology by different world regions was estimated in this study. Using the PubMed database, articles from journals included in the "Virology" category of the "Journal Citation Reports" database of the Institute for Scientific Information for the period 1995-2003 were retrieved. The world was divided into nine regions based on geographic, economic, and scientific criteria. Data on the country of origin of the research was available for 33,425 out of 33,712 articles (99.2% of all articles from the included journals). USA exceeds all other world regions in research production for the period studied (42% of total articles), with Western Europe ranking second (35.7%). The mean impact factor in articles published in Virology journals was highest for the USA (4.60), while it was 3.90 for Western Europe and 3.22 for the rest of the world (seven regions combined). USA and Canada ranked first in research productivity when both gross national income per capita (GNIPC) and population were taken into account. The results of this analysis show a distressing fact; the absolute and relative production of research in the field of Virology by the developing regions is very low, although viral diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in these areas. It is evident from this study that developing regions need more help from the developed regions to enhance research infrastructure. 相似文献
7.
Telfer JF; Thomson AJ; Cameron IT; Greer IA; Norman JE 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(10):2306-2312
Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is
metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine
oxidase, respectively. Over the last few years much work has focused on the
role of nitric oxide in human parturition. The aim of this study was to
determine whether the onset of human parturition is associated with a
change in the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD),
manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) or xanthine oxidase within the
uterus. Samples of myometrium, placenta, decidua and fetal membranes were
obtained from women before and after the onset of labour at term.
Immunocytochemistry was used to localize Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD and xanthine
oxidase and measure SOD enzyme activity. Cu/Zn and Mn SOD-like
immunoreactivity was detected in syncytiotrophoblast cells, villous stromal
cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the placenta. In the
myometrium Cu/Zn and Mn SOD were localized to myocytes and endothelial
cells and to some vascular smooth muscle cells. In the fetal membranes we
observed staining for Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD in the amnion, chorion,
extravillous trophoblast and decidua. There was no difference in SOD enzyme
activity or staining intensity for SOD between different cell types before
and during labour. Xanthine oxidase immunoreactivity was identified in each
of the tissues examined and again there was no difference in immunostaining
in tissues obtained from women delivered before or after the onset of
labour. These results show that the pregnant uterus is capable of both
synthesizing and degrading superoxide and suggest that superoxide dismutase
and xanthine oxidase may play a role in the maintenance of uterine
quiescence during pregnancy, but not in the initiation of parturition.
相似文献
8.
Pre-eclampsia, one of the most significant health problems inhuman pregnancy, complicates 6-7% of all gestations and is theleading cause of fetal growth retardation, infant morbidityand mortality, premature birth and maternal death. Recent researchimplicates free radicals in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.This review covers the biochemistry of nitric oxide (NO) andpossible interactions with other free radicals. Studies in therat show that pregnancy is associated with enhanced productionand responsiveness to NO in both reproductive tissues and bloodvessels. Rats infused with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor) have been used as an animalmodel of pre-eclampsia, and the effects of steroid hormoneson blood pressure in this model have been tested. Results suggestthat pre-eclampsia may be a state of NO deficiency. However,in humans there seem to be contradictions regarding the involvementof NO in maternal adaptation to pregnancy. It is suggested thatNO may be one of several systems that act in concert to maintaina symbiotic relationship between mother and fetus. However,the input of each system may be genetically determined. 相似文献
9.
Debelenko LV; Brambilla E; Agarwal SK; Swalwell JI; Kester MB; Lubensky IA; Zhuang Z; Guru SC; Manickam P; Olufemi SE; Chandrasekharappa SC; Crabtree JS; Kim YS; Heppner C; Burns AL; Spiegel AM; Marx SJ; Liotta LA; Collins FS; Travis WD; Emmert-Buck MR 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(13):2285-2290
Lung carcinoids occur sporadically and rarely in association with multiple
endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). There are no well defined genetic
abnormalities known to occur in these tumors. We studied 11 sporadic lung
carcinoids for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the locus of the MEN1 gene
on chromosome 11q13, and for mutations of the MEN1 gene using dideoxy
fingerprinting. Additionally, a lung carcinoid from a MEN1 patient was
studied. In four of 11 (36%) sporadic tumors, both copies of the MEN1 gene
were inactivated. All four tumors showed the presence of a MEN1 gene
mutation and loss of the other allele. Observed mutations included a 1 bp
insertion, a 1 bp deletion, a 13 bp deletion and a single nucleotide
substitution affecting a donor splice site. Each mutation predicts
truncation or potentially complete loss of menin. The remaining seven
tumors showed neither the presence of a MEN1 gene mutation nor 11q13 LOH.
The tumor from the MEN1 patient showed LOH at chromosome 11q13 and a
complex germline MEN1 gene mutation. The data implicate the MEN1 gene in
the pathogenesis of sporadic lung carcinoids, representing the first
defined genetic alteration in these tumors.
相似文献
10.
散发内淋巴囊瘤VHL基因位点微卫星标志杂合性丢失的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨散发内淋巴囊瘤发病与VHL基因异常之间的关系。方法 采用组织微切割技术和多聚酶链式反应等方法对3例散发内淋巴囊瘤肿瘤细胞VHL基因位点染色体微卫星标志的杂合性丢失进行分析。结果 3例散发内淋巴囊瘤中有2例发生VHL基因位点微卫星标志的杂合性丢失,进一步的研究证实,该两例肿瘤细胞中分别存在着VHL基因第二外显子的异常。结论 VHL基因的异常导致其功能改变不但是VHL的致病原因,而且是散发性内淋巴囊瘤发病的重要的基因遗传学基础。 相似文献