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排序方式: 共有78条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Donor insemination: Dutch parents' opinions about confidentiality and donor anonymity and the emotional adjustment of their children 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Golombok S; Naaktgeboren N; de Bruyn JK; van Hall EV 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(7):1591-1597
Results from a comparative study investigating 38 donor insemination (DI)
Dutch families with 4-8 year old children are presented. The aims of this
study were to investigate parents' opinions on the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity, to assess the emotional development of
the children, and to examine in DI families the association between secrecy
with regard to the use of a donor and the emotional adjustment of the
children. The DI families were compared to families with a child conceived
by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to families with a naturally conceived
child. Secrecy appeared to be associated with DI and not with IVF: 74% of
the DI parents intended not to inform the child about the way in which
she/he was conceived, whereas none of the IVF parents intended to keep the
secret. Only one set of DI parents and two sets of IVF parents had actually
told the child. As to donor anonymity, a spread of opinions appeared among
DI parents; 57% preferred an anonymous donor, 31% would have liked non-
identifying information about the donor, 9% preferred the donor's identity
to be registered and 3% remained unsure. Parents' major concern was to know
more about the medical/genetic background of the donor. Mothers and fathers
in the DI families differed in their opinions concerning the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity: fathers, more often than mothers, were
secretive with regard to the use of a donor and husbands, more often than
their wives, were in favour of donor anonymity. With regard to the
emotional development of the children, more emotional/behavioural problems
were revealed among DI children than among children who were naturally
conceived. No association was found between secrecy and the
emotional/behavioural adjustment of the children.
相似文献
4.
Verbenko DA Pogoda TV Spitsyn VA Mikulich AI Bets LV Bebyakova NA Ivanov VP Abolmasov NN Pocheshkhova EA Balanovskaya EV Tarskaya LA Sorensen MV Limborska SA 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2003,11(6):444-451
Apolipoprotein B 3' (3' ApoB) minisatellite polymorphism was studied in healthy unrelated individuals from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, in 10 populations from five ethnic groups: Russians, Byelorussians, Adygeis, Kalmyks and Yakuts. The analysis was carried out using PCR and electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Overall, 25 alleles of the 3' ApoB minisatellite, ranging from 25 to 55 repeats, were detected. Heterozygosity indices were high and varied from 0.73 to 0.84. The distributions of alleles of this minisatellite in the Caucasoid populations (Russians, Byelorussians and Adygeis) had a bimodal character, whereas that for Mongoloid populations (Kalmyks and Yakuts) had a unimodal distribution. Nei's genetic distances between the populations studied and some reference populations of Europe and Asia were estimated. Despite their allele distribution homogeneity, different East Slavonic ethnic groups were clearly resolved by multidimensional analyses. The East Slavonic and Adygei populations revealed a high similarity with European Caucasoids. The Mongoloid populations (Kalmyks and Yakuts) were considerably different from those of the European Caucasoid populations, but were similar to other Asian Mongoloid populations. The results demonstrate the variability of 3' ApoB minisatellite polymorphism not only in distant populations but also, to a certain extent, in genetically relative ones. 相似文献
5.
Higher fat and energy intakes confer a survival advantage in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is a need to develop effective nutrition programmes that ensure optimal energy intake in CF.
A cross-sectional measurement of clinical characteristics and energy and fat intakes in patients attending the CF outpatients clinic of the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle was undertaken. Twenty-nine subjects, mean age 12 years (range 4.3–20.2), completed weighed food records to determine the contribution of fat to the percentage of the recommended energy intake obtained and to document use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Diets with a high percentage of energy derived from fat did not guarantee that individuals with CF met their energy requirements. Subjects with total fat intakes of 100 g per day or greater, however, achieved in excess of 110% recommended daily intake (RDI) for energy. Up to 47% of subjects consumed more pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules than shown to give maximum effectiveness.
Setting a 100 g daily fat target is a realistic way of ensuring high energy intakes in CF. Fat ready reckoners would identify the fat content of food and prescribe specific numbers of pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules to be consumed with each meal or food item. 相似文献
Methodology:
A cross-sectional measurement of clinical characteristics and energy and fat intakes in patients attending the CF outpatients clinic of the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle was undertaken. Twenty-nine subjects, mean age 12 years (range 4.3–20.2), completed weighed food records to determine the contribution of fat to the percentage of the recommended energy intake obtained and to document use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Results:
Diets with a high percentage of energy derived from fat did not guarantee that individuals with CF met their energy requirements. Subjects with total fat intakes of 100 g per day or greater, however, achieved in excess of 110% recommended daily intake (RDI) for energy. Up to 47% of subjects consumed more pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules than shown to give maximum effectiveness.
Conclusion:
Setting a 100 g daily fat target is a realistic way of ensuring high energy intakes in CF. Fat ready reckoners would identify the fat content of food and prescribe specific numbers of pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules to be consumed with each meal or food item. 相似文献
6.
ZORICA SVIRČEV SVETISLAV KRSTIČ MARICA MILADINOV-MIKOV VLADIMIR BALTIČ MILKA VIDOVIČ 《journal of environmental science and health part c-environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews》2013,31(1):36-55
A large part of Central Serbia experiences continual shortage of sufficient ground water resources. For that reason, more than 20 reservoirs serve as drinking water suppliers. Significant and persistent cyanobacterial “blooms” have been recognized in nine of them. Samples for cyanotoxin analyses were taken during and after “blooms” in ?elije Reservoir and from Kru?evac town-supplied tap water from that reservoir two days later. Concentration of microcystin-LR was 650 μ gL–1 in the reservoir, while the tap water contained 2.5 μ gL–1. In the two investigated periods, the high primary liver cancer (PLC) mortality of 11.6 from 1980–1990 and extremely high PLC incidence of 34.7 from 2000–2002 were observed in the regions affected by heavy cyanobacterial “blooms.” In contrast, PLC mortality and incidence rates were substantially lower in the regions not affected by cyanobacterial blooms: in 1980–1990 the rate of PLC mortality amounted to 2.7 in Kosovo, 7.6 in Vojvodina, and 8.3 in the non-affected regions of Central Serbia; while in 2000–2002 PLC incidence amounted to 4.1 in Kosovo, 5.2 in Vojvodina, and 13.6 in the non- or less-affected regions of Central Serbia. Keeping in mind that the most affected PLC regions in Central Serbia (Topli?ki, Ni?ki, and ?umadijski regions) have the water supply systems based on six reservoirs found regularly in bloom during summer months and that some of the regions are also connected with two boundary “blooming” reservoirs, representing a total of eight of nine blooming reservoirs, it is easy to presume that the PLC incidence could be related to drinking water quality. The uneven geographic distribution of liver cancer in Serbia is conspicuous and hot spots could be related to drinking water supply. It is very clear that the high-risk regions for PLC occurrence correspond with drinking water reservoirs continually found with cyanobacterial blooms, and the low risk regions correspond with water supplies not affected by cyanobacteria. 相似文献
7.
Hematologic and immunomodulatory effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist coinfusion during low-dose endotoxemia in healthy humans 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Granowitz EV; Porat R; Mier JW; Orencole SF; Callahan MV; Cannon JG; Lynch EA; Ye K; Poutsiaka DD; Vannier E 《Blood》1993,82(10):2985-2990
Endotoxin is a component of gram-negative bacteria that causes hematologic and immunologic changes through its induction of cytokines. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-1 that competes with IL-1 for occupancy of cell-surface receptors but possesses no agonist activity. We investigated the ability of human recombinant IL-1Ra to block the effects of low-dose endotoxin. Fourteen healthy male volunteers between 18 and 30 years old were injected intravenously with 3 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Concurrent with the injections, nine volunteers received a 3-hour continuous intravenous infusion of IL-1Ra. The other five subjects were given a 3-hour infusion of saline. Volunteers injected with endotoxin experienced a threefold increase in circulating neutrophils over baseline. This neutrophilia was significantly reduced by 48% in subjects administered endotoxin plus IL-1Ra (P = .0253). Ex vivo mitogen-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation decreased by greater than 60% at 3 and 6 hours after endotoxin injection (P = .0053). This endotoxin-induced reduction in mitogen response was reversed in subjects coinjected with IL-1Ra (P = .0253). Endotoxin-induced symptoms, fever, and tachycardia were unaffected by IL-1Ra. IL-1 appears to be an important mediator in endotoxemia because some of its hematologic and immunomodulatory effects can be blocked by IL-1Ra. 相似文献
8.
Donor insemination: child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Ponjaert I; Van Hall EV; Golombok S 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(6):1349-1359
Findings are presented of a comparative study investigating the family
relationships and the emotional and gender development of children raised
in lesbian mother families. A total of 30 lesbian mother families with 4-8
year old children created as a result of donor insemination (DI) were
compared with 38 heterosexual families with a DI child and with 30
heterosexual families who had a naturally conceived child. A variety of
assessment measures, including a standardized interview and questionnaires
from the parents and psychological testing of the child were used to
collect the data. The quality of the couples' relationships and the quality
of the mother-child interaction did not differ between lesbian mother
families and either of the heterosexual family groups. The quality of the
interaction between the social mother and the child in lesbian families was
superior to that between the father and the child in both groups of
heterosexual families. Childrens' own perception of their parents was
similar in all family types; the social mother in lesbian families was
regarded by the child to be as much a 'parent' as the father in both types
of heterosexual families. With regard to their emotional/behavioural
development, boys and girls raised in lesbian mother families were well
adjusted and their gender role development did not differ from that of
children raised in heterosexual families. These results indicate that child
and family development in lesbian mother families is similar to that of
heterosexual families.
相似文献
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10.
Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) elevates regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) independently of cerebral metabolism (rCGU) throughout brain. One hour of FN stimulation also reduces, by up to 50%, the volume of the focal ischemic infarction produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rat. Protected areas correspond to the ischemic penumbra. Neuroprotection, while reversible, persists for weeks after 1h of stimulation. It cannot be attributed to increasing rCBF and/or reducing rCGU to improve matching of flow and metabolism. Conditional stimulation of FN initiates long-lived inhibition of expression of peri-infarction depolarizing waves, possibly by altering potassium-channel function and suppresses induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and ICAM in cerebral microvessels. The brain contains intrinsic networks which may protect the brain from ischemic injury, possibly by producing widespread and longterm suppression of electrical excitability and/or and expression of proinflammatory molecules. 相似文献