Experimental autoimmune neuritis induces differential microglia activation in the rat spinal cord

The reactive spatial and temporal activation pattern of parenchymal spinal cord microglia was analyzed in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). We observed a differential activation of spinal cord microglial cells. A significant increase in ED1⁺ microglia predominantly located in the dorsal horn grey matter of lumbar and thoracic spinal cord levels was observed on Day 12. As revealed by morphological criteria and by staining with further activation markers [allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), EMAPII, OX6, P2X₄R], reactive microglia did not reach a macrophage-like state of full activation. On Day 12, a significant proliferative response could be observed, affecting all spinal cord areas and including ED1⁺ microglial cells and a wide range of putative progenitor cells. Thus, in rat EAN, a reactive localized and distinct microglial activation correlating with a generalized proliferative response could be observed.     

Dexamethasone attenuates early expression of three molecules associated with microglia/macrophages activation following rat traumatic brain injury

Corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of human traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is a leading cause of death and disability, but their efficiency is still a matter of debate. Dexamethasone was considered to delay post-traumatic inflammation and retard neuronal degeneration, resulting in attenuation of secondary injury following experimental TBI. In a rat TBI model, we have investigated the effects of dexamethasone on expression patterns of markers of inflammatory activation of microglia/macrophages by immunohistochemistry. Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II), P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) and allograft-inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) were reported to be associated with the activation of microglia/macrophages post central nervous system (CNS) injury and may play roles in inflammatory cascades of secondary brain damage. Dexamethasone significantly suppressed the accumulation of EMAP-II⁺, P2X4R⁺ or AIF⁺ cells at Day-1 and 2 post-brain-trauma but not on Days 4 and 6, which is in accordance with the reported short- but not long-term protective effects of dexamethasone in TBI. These findings indicate a rather rapid but transient anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in TBI. Zhiyuan Zhang and Zhiren Zhang have equally contributed to this work.     

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Einzelreferate und Buchbesprechungen

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Einzelreferate und Buchbesprechungen

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Deutsche und Niederländer als Pioniere der Tropenmedizin im 17. Jahrhundert

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus Anlaß des Erscheinens des der Tropenmedizin gewidmeten Bd. XIV der Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica, hrsg. von den Curatores Miscellaneorum, quae vocantur Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, Amsterdam 1937.-Nach einem auf der 30. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin, Naturwissenschaft und Technik am 5. September 1937 in Koblenz gehaltenen Vortrage.Herrn Dr. HANS WEGENER danke ich für viele Hinweise, der Preußischen Staatsbibliothek für die Erlaubnis zur Veröffentlichung der Abbildungen.