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1.
Herholz K Nordberg A Salmon E Perani D Kessler J Mielke R Halber M Jelic V Almkvist O Collette F Alberoni M Kennedy A Hasselbalch S Fazio F Heiss WD 《Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders》1999,10(6):494-504
Progression rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) vary considerably, and they are particularly difficult to predict in patients with mild cognitive impairment. We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study in 186 patients with possible or probable AD, mostly with presenile onset. In a cross-sectional analysis at entry, impairment of glucose metabolism in temporoparietal or frontal association areas measured with positron emission tomography was significantly associated with dementia severity, clinical classification as possible versus probable AD, presence of multiple cognitive deficits and history of progression. A prospective longitudinal analysis showed a significant association between initial metabolic impairment and subsequent clinical deterioration. In patients with mild cognitive deficits at entry, the risk of deterioration was up to 4.7 times higher if the metabolism was severely impaired than with mild or absent metabolic impairment. Copyrightz1999S.KargerAG, Basel 相似文献
2.
Ove Almkvist Bengt Winblad 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1999,249(3):S3-S9
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is common in elderly individuals; it causes distress for the patients and their relatives as well as large costs for the society. With the advent of symptomatic treatment at present and probable etiology-based cures in the future, it will be possible to relieve and put an end to these negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose the disease as early as possible. In this review, we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art concerning various available clinical and biochemical methods for identifying AD. Increasing age, heritage, and presence of ApoE e4 allele have been confirmed as risk factors for AD as well as some putative factors (e.g., low education, hypertension, hypotension) based on epidemiological recent research. Selective impairment of episodic memory has been found to be a preclinical marker for future development of AD based on convergent data from asymptomatic AD-related mutation carriers, longitudinal studies of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and epidemiological studies of incident AD cases. Neurophysiological methods are inexpensive and useful for the identification of changes in brain dysfunction in AD and new promising methods are under development. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRT), structural measurements of brain atrophy and specific brain structures such as the hippocampus have been reported to detect dementia development early in the course of disease. Similarly, functional measurements of brain activity (e.g., blood flow) have revealed that hypometabolism in bilateral parietotemporal brain areas early in the disease course. Finally, biochemical studies have demonstrated that certain proteins (e.g., tau the Aβ1-42/43 metabolite of the amyloid precursor protein) may be associated with the disease process in AD, although the specificity of these markers remains to be established. It is concluded that still no single marker of AD exists, which makes it necessary to rely on data from multiple sources in order to arrive at the best possible diagnosis of AD. 相似文献
3.
Lena Ek Ove Almkvist Maria Kristoffersen Wiberg Giuseppe Stragliotto Anja Smits 《Neurocase》2013,19(6):503-511
We investigated the presence of cognitive impairment, in adults with presumed low-grade glioma at early stage of disease prior to major treatments, in relation to neurological symptoms and radiological characteristics of the tumour. Sixteen patients were evaluated. A subset of patients was identified with clearly impaired cognition. Patients with cognitive impairment often had large tumours in the left frontal lobe, were relatively young, and most of them were males. We conclude that cognitive dysfunction may be present already at early stage of disease, and that early identification of patients at risk is warranted. 相似文献
4.
The degree of abnormality and rate of change in cognitive functions, positron emission tomography Pittsburg compound B (PET PIB), and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) measures were studied for 8 years in an autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient, who died 61 years old (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 7). At first encounter with medical care, the patient was very mildly demented (MMSE score 27). She had four cognitive assessments and two examinations with PET PIB and FDG in 23 bilateral brain regions. The onset of cognitive decline was retrospectively estimated to have started in the early forties. The degree of impairment was inversely related to the rate of decline. A similar relationship was seen between the rate of change and the level of abnormality in both PIB and FDG. To conclude, rate of change in cognition, PIB, and FDG was associated with the degree of abnormality. 相似文献
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6.
Professor Dr. Johan Almkvist 《Archives of dermatological research》1916,121(5):895-905
Ohne ZusammenfassungHiezu Taf. XXXVIII. 相似文献
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8.
Cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: further evidence for similar patterns of deficits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fahlander K Wahlin A Almkvist O Bäckman L 《Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology》2002,24(6):734-744
The purpose of the present study was to examine possible differences in patterns of cognitive performance between population-based samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 51) and vascular dementia (AD; n = 14) patients between 75 and 96 years of age. The two demented groups were comparable in age, years of education, gender distribution, and severity of dementia. The selection of cognitive tasks (letter and category fluency, Block design, Clock reading and setting, and episodic face recognition) was thought to address some of the inconsistencies in previous research. The main finding was that AD and AD patients were comparable on most tasks, although robust dementia-related deficiencies were found when comparing the results of the demented participants with those of the control participants. These findings suggest that AD and AD may affect several basic cognitive functions in an equal manner. 相似文献
9.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often impaired on certain forms of implicit memory, such as word-stem completion priming (WSCP). Lesion data suggest that deficient WSCP may be associated with abnormal functioning in the posterior neocortex. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we here provide direct support for this view. Compared with normal old adults, AD patients showed reduced priming on a word-stem completion task. The normal old showed decreased activity in right occipital cortex (area 19), whereas the AD patients showed increased activity in this region during priming. To the extent that decreased activity during priming reflects an experience-dependent reduction of the neuronal population involved, these results indicate that shaping of the relevant neurons is slower in AD, possibly as a result of inadequate initial stimulus-processing. 相似文献
10.
Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive functioning predict deterioration in mild cognitive impairment 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Arnáiz E Jelic V Almkvist O Wahlund LO Winblad B Valind S Nordberg A 《Neuroreport》2001,12(4):851-855
The objective of this study was to assess whether reduced glucose metabolism (rCMRGlu) and cognitive functioning could predict development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twenty MCI patients underwent baseline and follow-up investigations of rCMRGlu, as measured by PET, and cognitive function measured by neuropsychological test assessments. Subjects were clinically followed up with an average interval of 36.5 months. Two groups were obtained after the second clinical assessment. Nine patients were diagnosed as AD and classified as progressive MCI (P-MCI), whereas 11 patients remained clinically stable and were classified as stable MCI (S-MCI). There were no differences in demographic variables or baseline MMSE between the two subgroups. Logistic regression indicated the two variables that most effectively predicted future development of AD were rCMRGlu from the left temporoparietal area and performance on the block design. These combined measures gave an optimal 90% correct classification rate, whereas only rCMRGlu or neuropsychology alone gave 75% and 65% correct classification, respectively. Measures of temporoparietal cerebral metabolism and visuospatial function may aid in predicting the evolution to AD for patients with MCI. 相似文献