不同给药途径的腺苷预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护

Objective To evaluate the effect on myocardial protection of adenosine preconditioning in different route of administration through right jugular vein and left ventricle.Methods 48 SD rats were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion group(blank control),ischemic preconditioning group(IP,positive control),adenosine venous infusion group,adenosine in ventricular group,normal saline(NS)venous infusion group(negative control I)and NS in ventricular group(negative control Ⅱ).The ischemia reperfusion rats model were established in vivo,and then changes of heart function,serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and expression of nuclear factor KB(NF-kB) were observed.Results SOD in IP[(208.63±23.88)U/ml],adenosine venous infusion group [(178.27±11.56) U/ml]and adenosine in ventricular group[(191.31±28.14)U/ml]were significantly higher than that in the ischemia reperfusion group[(145.05±23.18)U/ml](P<0.05),cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in the ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.05).Heart function was significantly better than that in the ischemia reperfusion group(P<0.05);SOD in adenosine in ventricular group was significantly higher than that in adenosine venous infusion group(P<0.05).cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in adenosine venous infusion group (P<0.05).Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning may mimic protective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The effect on myocardial protection of adenosine in ventricular group was better than that of adenosine venous infusion group.     

不同给药途径的腺苷预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护

Objective To evaluate the effect on myocardial protection of adenosine preconditioning in different route of administration through right jugular vein and left ventricle.Methods 48 SD rats were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion group(blank control),ischemic preconditioning group(IP,positive control),adenosine venous infusion group,adenosine in ventricular group,normal saline(NS)venous infusion group(negative control I)and NS in ventricular group(negative control Ⅱ).The ischemia reperfusion rats model were established in vivo,and then changes of heart function,serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and expression of nuclear factor KB(NF-kB) were observed.Results SOD in IP[(208.63±23.88)U/ml],adenosine venous infusion group [(178.27±11.56) U/ml]and adenosine in ventricular group[(191.31±28.14)U/ml]were significantly higher than that in the ischemia reperfusion group[(145.05±23.18)U/ml](P<0.05),cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in the ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.05).Heart function was significantly better than that in the ischemia reperfusion group(P<0.05);SOD in adenosine in ventricular group was significantly higher than that in adenosine venous infusion group(P<0.05).cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in adenosine venous infusion group (P<0.05).Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning may mimic protective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The effect on myocardial protection of adenosine in ventricular group was better than that of adenosine venous infusion group.     

不同给药途径的腺苷预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护

Objective To evaluate the effect on myocardial protection of adenosine preconditioning in different route of administration through right jugular vein and left ventricle.Methods 48 SD rats were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion group(blank control),ischemic preconditioning group(IP,positive control),adenosine venous infusion group,adenosine in ventricular group,normal saline(NS)venous infusion group(negative control I)and NS in ventricular group(negative control Ⅱ).The ischemia reperfusion rats model were established in vivo,and then changes of heart function,serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and expression of nuclear factor KB(NF-kB) were observed.Results SOD in IP[(208.63±23.88)U/ml],adenosine venous infusion group [(178.27±11.56) U/ml]and adenosine in ventricular group[(191.31±28.14)U/ml]were significantly higher than that in the ischemia reperfusion group[(145.05±23.18)U/ml](P<0.05),cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in the ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.05).Heart function was significantly better than that in the ischemia reperfusion group(P<0.05);SOD in adenosine in ventricular group was significantly higher than that in adenosine venous infusion group(P<0.05).cTnT,MDA and expression of NF-kB were lower than that in adenosine venous infusion group (P<0.05).Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning may mimic protective effect of ischemic preconditioning. The effect on myocardial protection of adenosine in ventricular group was better than that of adenosine venous infusion group.     

胰岛素强化治疗心内直视术后应激性高血糖的疗效

目的 探讨心内直视术后应激性高血糖胰岛素强化治疗的疗效及对预后的影响.方法 将63例术后高血糖患者随机分为胰岛素强化治疗组(33例)和常规胰岛素治疗组(30例),强化治疗组对于术后血糖超过8 mmol/L即行胰岛素治疗,剂量从0.1 U/kg·h开始.根据血糖结果调整胰岛素用量,目标治疗为术后血糖控制在6～8 mmol/L水平;常规治疗组术后血糖超过11.1 mmol/L才给予胰岛素治疗,目标治疗为术后血糖控制在10～11.1 mmol/L水平.两组均同时监测生命体征、感染、心律失常、低血糖等并发症情况,并进行统计分析.结果 胰岛素强化治疗组感染率、心律失常发生率均明显低于胰岛素常规治疗组(P＜0.05).结论 提示术后应激性高血糖是影响患者预后的独立因素,在积极减少应激综合治疗的同时进行胰岛素强化治疗并将血糖控制在6～8 mmoL/L水平可以减少术后并发症,改善疾病的预后.     

感染性心内膜炎患者病原菌及其耐药率的分析

目的 通过对感染性心内膜炎(IE)患者病原菌及其耐药率的分析,探讨IE病原菌的变迁及抗菌药物的合理应用情况.方法 对1997年1月至2006年12月收治的207例IE患者的病原菌情况进行回顾性分析.按住院时间分为Ⅰ组(2002年1月至2006年12月)及Ⅱ组(1997年1月至2001年12月),其中Ⅰ组77例,Ⅱ组130例.结果 血细菌培养阳性率47.83%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ组阳性率分别为38.96%和53.08%.链球菌在致病菌中的比例亦由Ⅱ组的52.17%下降到Ⅰ组的33.33%.而金黄色葡萄球菌的比例则由15.94%上升到23.33%.链球菌对青霉素G耐药率低,但近年来已由19.44%上升到30.00%.结论 血细菌培养阳性率近年来有所下降,链球菌仍然是IE的主要病原菌,对青霉素G耐药率较低,但近年来已有所上升.金黄色葡萄球菌的比例则上升.     

体外循环术后腹部并发症的防治

目的 分析体外循环心血管手术后腹部并发症的临床特点，探讨其预防和治疗。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2007年12月间中山大学附属第一医院心脏外科所实施的体外循环心血管手术后出现腹部并发症的23例（1．6％）患者的临床资料。结果本组23例体外循环术后腹部并发症患者经内科保守治疗19例．手术治疗4例．最终死亡10例（43．5％）。具有消化系统病史、心功能不全、体外循环时间较长、机械通气较长及低心排综合征是本组23例患者的临床特点。结论体外循环手术后腹部并发症发生率低但死亡率高．早期明确诊断和积极干预是决定病情转归的关键。     

感染性心内膜炎手术时机分析

目的回顾性分析感染性心内膜炎病人的临床资料,发现影响手术死亡率和术后呼吸支持时间的重要因素。方法用SPSS11统计学软件分析中山大学附属第一医院近10年住院确诊感染性心内膜炎的手术病人资料。结果影响感染性心内膜炎77例手术死亡率的有意义的因素包括心功能、营养分级和血培养阳性,而术前抗生素的使用时间未发现相关。难以控制感染性心内膜炎的治疗,内科处理7d及超过7d再行手术死亡率分别为1/3和4/6,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论感染性心内膜炎病人应积极进行术前准备及早手术治疗。     

两种大鼠肺动脉高压模型肺血管重塑的血流动力学、组织学和体视学指标变化

目的 构建大鼠颈动静脉分流型(CA-JV)和野百合碱诱导型(MCT)肺动脉高压模型,观察两种肺动脉高压模型肺血管重塑的血流动力学、组织学和体视学指标改变.方法 36只Spargue-Dawley大鼠,对照组、CA-JV和MCT肺动脉高压模型各12只,MCT组6周,其余两组12周后测定右心室收缩压(RVSP),并取左下肺组织测定肺小动脉横截面厚度指数(TI)和面积指数(AI)以及肺小动脉纤维比例.结果 大鼠分流型与药物型肺动脉高压模型中RVSP(37.69±3.00、43.99±4.60)、TI(0.43±0.16、0.41±0.13)和AI(0.65±0.19、0.64±0.15)和肺小动脉纤维比例(33.59±7.58、30.33±7.24)均较对照组均显著升高,药物型模型RVSP升高更明显(P<0.05),分流型模型肺小动脉纤维比例更高(P<0.05).结论 两种肺动脉高压模型均可以造成大鼠血流动力学变化和肺血管结构改变,不同模型肺血管重塑存在不同特点.     

远程预处理通过下调钙网蛋白高表达减轻在体大鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤

目的:研究远程预处理(remote preconditioning,RP)对在体缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用,探讨钙网蛋白(calreticulin,CRT)在远程预处理心肌细胞缺血再灌注(ischemia reperfusion,IR)损伤的作用.方法:30只成年SD大鼠,随机分成5组(n=6),分别为缺血再灌注组、缺血预处理组、远程预处理Ⅰ组、远程预处理Ⅱ组和假手术组.建立大鼠在体缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察各组缺血再灌注前后心功能变化,并检测再灌注末血清肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的变化以及心肌组织钙网蛋白的表达.结果:远程预处理Ⅰ组心功能、cTnT、MDA、SOD值、CRT的表达与缺血再灌注组无显著差异(P>0.05);缺血预处理组、远程预处理Ⅱ组SOD值均显著高于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05),cTnT、MDA值、CRT的表达均显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05).结论:远程预处理可以模拟缺血预处理的心肌保护作用;远程预处理可能通过下调钙网蛋白高表达减轻在体大鼠心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤.     

不同预处理后缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌αB晶状体蛋白的变化

目的 研究3种不同预处理对在体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及αB晶状体蛋白在不同预处理心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤中的变化.方法 24只SD大鼠按完全随机法分成4组,每组6只,分别为缺血再灌注组、缺血预处理组、腺苷预处理组、远程预处理组.建立大鼠在体缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察各组缺血再灌注前后心功能变化,并检测冉灌注末血清肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化以及心肌组织αB品状体蛋白的表达.结果 心肌缺血再灌注120 min后,与缺血再灌注组比较,其余3组左心室室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dt_(max))均明显升高(均P<0.05).缺血预处理组、腺苷预处理组、远程预处理组血清cTnT含量均低于缺血再灌注组[(12.898±2.887)、(5.049±4.387)、(7.049±4.387)μg/L比(22.902±3.146)μg/L,均P<0.05];MDA含量也均低于缺血再灌注组[(10.648±3.635)、(11.736±8.903)、(9.834±6.128)μmol/L比(16.083±10.423)μmol/L,均P<0.05];SOD含量均高于缺血再灌注组[(82.808±22.407)、(162.266±54.128)、(102.266±34.134)U/ml比(76.757±39.446)U/ml,均P<0.05].腺苷预处理组SOD含量高于缺血预处理组和远程预处理组;cTnT含量则低于缺血预处理组(均P<0.05).与缺血再灌注组比较,其余3组αB晶状体蛋白表达均显著增高(均P<0.05).结论 腺苷预处理、远程预处理均可以模拟缺血预处理的心肌保护作用.3种预处理可能通过上调αB晶状体蛋白表达从而减轻在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.