采用不同参考平面偏移与光学相干断层扫描分析青光眼的视网膜神经纤维层和视神经乳头

目的:评估用不同参考平面偏移分析视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度和视神经乳头(ONH)参数在使用OCT检测早期青光眼改变及相关视功能中的作用。方法:这是一项横断面研究,包括41例正常受试者和30例早期青光眼患者和40例晚期青光眼患者。在分别位于视网膜色素上皮层(R PE)水平之上95μ     

Image features of two rare mediastinal tumors: schwannoma of intrathoracic phrenic nerve and clear cell chondrosarcoma of the rib

The current report focuses on two patients of the same age who presented similar appearances on initial anteroposterior chest images. Follow-up images showed superoanterior and superoposterior mediastinal lesions. The first patient with noninvasive cystic thymoma was suspected before surgery, while the pathologic diagnosis was intrathoracic phrenic nerve schwannoma. The second patient was with an asymmetric, dumbbell-shaped paravertebral tumor over T3 and T4 on the left side. The preoperative…     

肿瘤标志物在恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗的应用

1 前言 肿瘤的早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗是患者获得长期生存的最主要保证。以肝癌为例,肿瘤直径<2cm,5年生存率几乎100％;直径每增加1cm,5年生存率下降20％。肿瘤诊断三大支柱是图像诊断(包括B超、CT、核磁共振)、化学诊断(血清学和免疫学)     

^131I标记抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体MC3在荷瘤裸鼠体内分布及…

抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体ＭＣ３用＾１３１Ｉ标记后在裸鼠人肠癌模型上进行肿瘤定位和放射免疫显像研究。结果显示：体外标记抗体特异性结合率为３７．５％，裸鼠体内在４８～１２０ｈ的ＥＣＴ照相可见在肿瘤部位均有放射性的特异性浓聚，其摄取量随时间延长逐渐增加，肿瘤显影清晰，显像的合适时间为９６～１２０ｈ。而给予非特异性的＾１３１Ｉ－ＮＭＩｇＧ后，肿瘤部位未见放射性浓聚，而呈全身均匀性分布。１２０ｈ肿瘤组织与肝脏及     

表皮生长因子对高转移人卵巢癌细胞生长和播？…

目的：探讨表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对高转移人卵巢细胞（ＨＯ－８９１０ＰＭ）生长和播散的影响，方法；用细胞生长曲线，形态变化，细胞迁移集落观察ＥＧＦ对细胞生长和迁移的影响，用免疫细胞化学和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹方法观察ＥＧＦＲ和Ｎｅｕ癌基因蛋白在细胞的表达。结果：当培养液中ＥＧＦ０．０１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１培养７天，细胞数量增加１１倍，对照细胞数量增加４．９倍，细胞形态变梭形，边界清楚，排列松散，有６３％的细胞     

IL-18 induces the differentiation of Th1 or Th2 cells depending upon cytokine milieu and genetic background

The functional division of CD4(+) T cells into Th1 and Th2 subsets is generally accepted but the mechanisms leading to their preferential induction remain elusive. Cytokines are considered the main determining factors in the initial differentiation of precursor T cells into these distinct subsets. Thus, IL-12 drives Th1 cells whereas IL-4 drives Th2 cells. Recently IL-18, originally designated as IFN-gamma-inducing factor, has been reported to synergize with IL-12 in the induction of Th1 cells. We report here that IL-18 can also induce T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, in the presence of TCR activation, either alone or together with IL-4. This effect of IL-18 is mediated primarily on CD4(+) T cells compared with CD8(+) T cells and is inhibited in the presence of IL-12. IL-18, however, has no effect on functionally committed Th2 cells.( )Moreover, the effect of IL-18 on Th2 cell development is differentially manifest in different mouse strains, suggesting profound underlying genetic influences. BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major and treated with recombinant IL-18 developed exacerbated disease and enhanced Th2 response compared with untreated controls. These data therefore provide a novel mechanism for Th2 cell development. Thus, IL-18, a cytokine constitutively expressed by cells of the innate response, is capable of inducing Th2 cell differentiation in the absence of IL-4.     

A type III secretion system is required for Aeromonas hydrophila AH-1 pathogenesis

Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in fish and humans. Many bacterial pathogens of animals and plants have been shown to inject anti-host virulence determinants into the hosts via a type III secretion system (TTSS). Degenerate primers based on lcrD family genes that are present in every known TTSS allowed us to locate the TTSS gene cluster in A. hydrophila AH-1. A series of genome walking steps helped in the identification of 25 open reading frames that encode proteins homologous to those in TTSSs in other bacteria. PCR-based analysis showed the presence of lcrD homologs (ascV) in all of the 33 strains of A. hydrophila isolated from various sources. Insertional inactivation of two of the TTSS genes (aopB and aopD) led to decreased cytotoxicity in carp epithelial cells, increased phagocytosis, and reduced virulence in blue gourami. These results show that a TTSS is required for A. hydrophila pathogenesis. This is the first report of sequencing and characterization of TTSS gene clusters from A. hydrophila. The TTSS identified here may help in developing suitable vaccines as well as in further understanding of the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila.     

Detection of antibodies specific to an antigenic cell wall galactomannoprotein for serodiagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus aspergillosis

Aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis are important opportunistic infections caused by Aspergillus species, among which Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species associated with human disease. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antibody assay with Afmp1p, a purified recombinant antigenic cell wall galactomannoprotein of A. fumigatus. Evaluation of the test with guinea pig sera against A. fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi indicated that this assay was specific for A. fumigatus. Clinical evaluation revealed that the assay was 100% sensitive for patients with aspergilloma and 33.3% sensitive for patients with invasive aspergillosis. No false-positive results were found for serum samples from 80 healthy blood donors, 6 patients with typhoid fever, 4 patients with melioidosis, 20 patients with penicilliosis marneffei, 5 patients with candidiasis, and 4 patients with cryptococcosis, indicating a high specificity of the test. Thus, this ELISA-based test for the detection of anti-Afmp1p antibody can be of significant value as a diagnostic for aspergillosis.     

Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of a largely unknown etiology. Anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies are a classic hallmark of the disease, although the mechanism underlying their induction remains unclear. We demonstrate here that, in both lupus-prone and normal mouse strains, strong anti-dsDNA antibody responses can be induced by dendritic cells (DC) that have ingested syngeneic necrotic (DC/nec), but not apoptotic (DC/apo), cells. Clinical manifestations of lupus were evident, however, only in susceptible mouse strains, which correlate with the ability of DC/nec to release IFN-gamma and to induce the pathogenic IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibodies. Injection of DC/nec not only accelerated disease progression in the MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr lupus-prone mice but also induced a lupus-like disease in the MRL/MpJ-+/+ wild-type control strain. Immune complex deposition was readily detectable in the kidneys, and the mice developed proteinuria. Strikingly, female MRL/MpJ-+/+ mice that had received DC/nec, but not DC/apo, developed a 'butterfly' facial lesion resembling a cardinal feature of human SLE. Our study therefore demonstrates that DC/nec inducing a Th1 type of responses, which are otherwise tightly regulated in a normal immune system, may play a pivotal role in SLE pathogenesis.