苍蝇和幽门螺杆菌感染

假设家蝇是幽门螺杆菌的宿主和携带者。笔者评估了在冈比亚村庄使用杀虫喷雾剂对幼儿的影响。既使对苍蝇有效的控制也不能阻止幽门螺杆菌的感染。     

免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者骨髓内转移癌细胞

作者等应用抗上皮膜抗原(EMA)、角蛋白(Keratin)单克隆抗体作为探针,检测乳癌患者骨髓内肿瘤细胞。已完成10例病人,4例骨髓中找到EMA和/或角蛋白阳性细胞。阳性细胞的特点是:1.胞浆内可见均质或颗粒状棕色显色,显示相应抗原的表达;2.瘤细胞     

黏液样软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变

黏液样变是软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变的一种常见现象，其本质大多为透明质酸和酸性黏多糖。软组织肿瘤中出现的黏液样物质大多数是纤维母细胞的一种功能表现，后者除形成胶原外，还可形成黏液。有大量黏液形成的肿瘤多为低度恶性，它是瘤细胞分化成熟的一个特征。几乎所有的软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变都可发生不同程度的黏液变性，或在肿瘤的某个阶段发生黏液样变性。     

以双蒂腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣再造乳房

目的 报道对有纵形剖腹产瘢痕的乳腺癌根治术后所造成的胸壁畸形，应用双蒂腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣再造乳房的临床效果，从而说明胸廓内动脉远心端供血的可靠性。方法 应用游离的双侧腹壁下动静脉为蒂的腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣与胸廓内动、静脉远近心断端分别进行端端吻合再造乳房4例。结果 临床应用4例，皮瓣全部成活，再造乳房的形态较满意。术后随访l0～26个月，无腹部薄弱或腹壁疝等并发症发生。结论 胸廓内动、静脉可提供远近心端两组可靠的受区血管。以双侧腹壁下动、静脉为蒂的横行腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣，适用于乳腺癌根治术后的乳房再造，特别适用于有纵形剖腹产瘢痕及腹壁较薄者的整形修复。     

外伤后眼内炎

目的:研究外伤性眼内炎发生的危险因素,观察预防措施的效果,同时描述其临床特点。设计:部分前瞻性、连续性病例对照研究。受试者:一家眼科医院3年内收治的250例连续性开放性眼外伤患者。方法:采用前瞻性方案收集确诊为外伤性眼内炎的数据,并输入眼内炎数据库。再对同时期开放性眼外伤的住院病历进行回顾性检索,分析其病历记录。主要收集指标为年龄、性别、受伤场所(室内,室外)、伤口感染情况、损伤特征(受伤部位、是否累及晶体、眼内有无异物存留)、损伤性质(穿通伤、贯通伤、破裂伤、外科手术破裂伤)、预防性抗生素的使用(包括使用方案及时…     

新的黑框警告以及处方药从市场撤出的时间统计

背景：新近批准药物可能比原有药物更易产生未被认识的药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction，ADRs)，但是近期的研究没有检查上市后监测发现的重要ADRs的频率。目的：确定黑框警告中提及之新ADRs或者药物必需从市场撤出的频率和时间。设计和地点：于《医生案头手册》检查1975～1999年美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准的所有的新的化合物及1975～2000年撤出市场的所有药品(无论先前有无黑框警告)。主要观察指标：黑框警告或药品撤出的发生频率和时间。结果：1975～1999年总共批准通过．548种新的化合物；其中56种(10．2％)被提出黑框警告或撤出市场。45种(8．2％)被提出1种或多种黑框警告，16种(2．9％)撤出市场。在Kaplan—Meier分析中，估计25年内提出黑框警告或撤出市场的药物所占比例为20％。在《医生案头手册》中之药品说明书共有81处重要变化，其中包括对一种药物提出1个或多个黑框警告，或撤出市场。在：Kaplan-Meier分析中，这些变化有半数发生在药物使用后7年内；半数药物撤出发生在2年内。结论：严重ADRs通常发生在FDA批准上市之后。新药的安全性只有在上市使用多年以后才能确定。     

Identification of 21 novel glucokinase (GCK) mutations in UK and European Caucasians with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) resulting from mutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene accounts for approximately 20% of MODY in the UK. We have performed fluorescent single stranded conformation polymorphism (F-SSCP) analysis or direct sequencing of the GCK gene in 212 patients referred as part of a research cohort or for diagnostic molecular genetic testing. Mutation screening has identified 43 different mutations in 61 individuals, of which 21 are novel. This report details the mutations identified and their associated clinical features.     

Zonal distribution of glomerular collapse in renal allografts: possible role of vascular changes

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), an aggressive variant of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, is a renal disease with severe proteinuria and rapidly progressive renal failure. The pathogenesis of CG is unknown. It strongly resembles human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy, but the patients are HIV negative. The characteristic glomerular lesion is capillary loop collapse with prominent podocytes filling Bowman's space. Interestingly, these glomerular changes are usually associated with severe tubulointerstitial injury, including tubular epithelial degenerative changes, microcystic dilation of several tubules, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate. Recently, it became evident that the morphologic pattern of CG may appear not only in native kidneys, but also de novo in renal allografts, and that the pattern of CG in renal transplants is not always associated with severe proteinuria. Studies describing CG in renal allografts are all based on biopsies. We report 3 allograft nephrectomy specimens that showed a zonal distribution of the characteristic collapsing glomerular changes with associated tubulointerstitial injury. All 3 kidneys had obliterative vascular changes. One nephrectomy specimen had chronic obliterative transplant arteriopathy, 1 had acute vascular rejection, and 1 had thrombotic microangiopathy. None of the patients had severe proteinuria. Our cases suggest that the morphologic pattern of CG in renal allografts may not represent the same disease process as CG in native kidneys and provide further evidence that collapsing glomerular changes do not define the disease entity of CG, but rather represent a pattern of renal injury. Among other factors, hemodynamic disturbance may play a role in the development of the pattern of CG in renal allografts.     

甲状腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤与淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的临床病 …

报道甲状腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤１２你，淋巴性甲状腺炎６例，淋巴性甲状腺炎分为轻，中，重三级，研究上述１８例有免疫组化结果的资料，发现粘膜相关淋巴瘤多风于老年女性，并从淋巴细胞性甲状腺发展演变而来，以中心细胞样细胞为多见，免疫组化中示Ｂ－细胞性单克隆性，组织病理学上常形成淋巴上皮病变，瘤栓样或戒指样结构，本文探讨了淋巴甲状腺瘤炎与甲状腺膜相关淋巴瘤的发病机理，鉴别诊断及治疗方法的选择等。     

Alternative splicing of IL-24 in melanocytes by deletion of exons 3 and 5

Two novel interleukin-24 (IL-24) splice variants were identified in normal human melanocytes by sequencing cloned polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products that are not expressed in metastatic melanoma. These gene products have been generated by differential skipping of exons 3 (IL-24 delE3) and 5 (IL-24 delE5). IL-24 delE3 has limited sequence identity to the IL-24-interacting protein mda-7s, and IL-24 delE5 is homologous to IL-24.