极重度骨髓型与肠型急性放射病的救治进展

极重度骨髓型与肠型急性放射病(ARS)一直是医学难以攻克的热点问题。本文从4个方面概括ARS治疗的新进展:①WR-2721作为细胞防护剂的机制和早期应用,可能阻断组织器官的不可逆性放射损伤;②细胞因子治疗放射病的新进展,提出重视造血恢复后患者的免疫重建;③造血干细胞移植的适应证,骨髓间充质干细胞对放射病有重要治疗意义;④放射病的抗感染防护和治疗,临床真菌感染症状出现前,抗真菌用药的适应证。     

骨髓间充质干细胞防治多脏器衰竭

Objective The patients with lethal irradiation after sucessful hematopoietic stem cells transplan-tation had blood recovery, but did not avoid to died of multiple organ failure(MOF). To overcome the block, the article investigated mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protecting lethal radiated mice from multiple organ failure after haploid bone marrow cells transplantation. Method BALB/c mice irradiated with 8Gy60COγ-rays were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group, infused MSCs labeled with cm-DiI and bone marrow monocytes of CB6F1 mice; Control group, only infused bone marrow monocytes; normal group, mice were infused cm-DiI marked MSCs without irradiation. The distribution of MSCs and the serous densities of Il-2, Il-10 and TNF-α in the recipients were observed after transplantation. Results MSCs collected in the bone marrow and the intes-tine in normal group at 15 d,in MSCs group MSCs enriched the different organs at 3,15 and 30 d. MSCs regulated down the secretion of IL-2 and TNF-α,and up the IL-10 density. Conclusions MSCs protected mice from multiple organ failure through above effects and may be open a new treatment strategy on acute radiation syndrome by stem cells.     

骨髓间充质干细胞防治多脏器衰竭

Objective The patients with lethal irradiation after sucessful hematopoietic stem cells transplan-tation had blood recovery, but did not avoid to died of multiple organ failure(MOF). To overcome the block, the article investigated mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protecting lethal radiated mice from multiple organ failure after haploid bone marrow cells transplantation. Method BALB/c mice irradiated with 8Gy60COγ-rays were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group, infused MSCs labeled with cm-DiI and bone marrow monocytes of CB6F1 mice; Control group, only infused bone marrow monocytes; normal group, mice were infused cm-DiI marked MSCs without irradiation. The distribution of MSCs and the serous densities of Il-2, Il-10 and TNF-α in the recipients were observed after transplantation. Results MSCs collected in the bone marrow and the intes-tine in normal group at 15 d,in MSCs group MSCs enriched the different organs at 3,15 and 30 d. MSCs regulated down the secretion of IL-2 and TNF-α,and up the IL-10 density. Conclusions MSCs protected mice from multiple organ failure through above effects and may be open a new treatment strategy on acute radiation syndrome by stem cells.     

初诊急性白血病凝血指标异常及其临床意义探讨

本研究旨在探讨初诊急性白血病(AL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病除外)凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)及D-二聚体(D-D)预测出血风险的临床意义,探究引起上述5项凝血指标异常的影响因素及相关性。回顾分析114例AL患者不同凝血指标异常情况下的出血情况,分析年龄、性别、白血病类型、白细胞及血小板计数、骨髓中原始细胞比例、细胞遗传学变化与凝血指标的关系。结果表明:初诊AL的凝血指标异常的发生率高达78.1%;凝血5项均正常的患者亦可能合并轻度出血;异常的凝血指标数量越多,出血程度越重;PT及D-D对其2级出血诊断具有一定敏感性;凝血异常发生率与初诊时骨髓中原始细胞的比例存在相关性(χ2=4.184,OR=1.021,P﹤0.05),与年龄、性别、白血病类型、白细胞及血小板计数、细胞遗传学异常无明显相关(P﹥0.05);起病时骨髓原始细胞比例与D-D值显著相关(r=0.3,P﹤0.01)。结论:AL患者的凝血指标异常的发生率高;异常的凝血指标越多,则出血程度越重,其中PT及D-D对2级出血诊断具有一定敏感性;起病时骨髓中原始细胞比例与凝血指标异常(尤其是D-D)存在显著相关性,而老年、高白细胞数及不良细胞遗传学异常与凝血异常无关;通过对PT、APTT、TT、FIB、D-D的监测,为临床判断及防治出血事件提供实验依据。     

猕猴异体间充质干细胞输注安全性评价及异体存活分析

目的:探讨经静脉或骨髓内输注异体猕猴间充质干细胞(MSCs)的安全性以及异体MSCs是否能归巢骨髓并长期存活.方法:用密度梯度离心和贴壁筛选法分离、培养猕猴骨髓中的MSCs,观察其生物学特性.用流式细胞仪检测MSCs的细胞表型,采用不同培养条件诱导多向分化,用特异性染色鉴定;将雄性猕猴的MSCs经静脉输注或骨髓内输注给雌性猴,评价其不良反应和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)表现,用PCR法检测受者骨髓中的Y特异性序列,评价MSCs在异体存活情况.结果:成功培养了猕猴的MSCs,多向分化实验证明其可分化为脂肪和成骨细胞;输注后未见急、慢性毒性反应和GVHD表现,部分雌性猕猴体内可检出Y特异性序列.结论:猕猴异体静脉或骨髓内输注MSCs未见急、慢性不良反应和GVHD,MSCs可在异体骨髓内存活.     

骨髓间充质干细胞防治多脏器衰竭

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)防治半相合骨髓移植治疗致死剂量照射小鼠的多脏器衰竭(MOF)的作用及机制.方法 BALB/C小鼠8Gy60Coγ射线照射后,分为MSCs组,尾静脉输注经cm-Dil膜染剂标记的CB6F1小鼠的MSCs和骨髓细胞;对照组,只输注CB6F1骨髓细胞.正常组,不照射,输注标记的MSCs细胞.观察移植后不同时间,供者MSCs在受者体内分布,MSCs组和对照组小鼠外周血中IL-2,TNF-α和IL-10血清浓度变化情况.SAS 9.0软件对数据做成组t检验.结果 移植后15 d,正常组,MSCs主要集中在骨髓和小肠.MSC组,移植后不同时间,标记的细胞分别在胸腺、骨髓、小肠中富集.MSCs上调了IL-10的血清质量浓度,下调了IL-2和TNF-α的质量浓度,两组数据有统计学差异.结论 证实MSCs可以通过下调体内的促炎因子IL-2和TNF-α,及上调抑炎因子IL-10,抑制全身炎症反应综合征的发生,及MSCs体内多组织器官分布,发挥防治MOF的作用.     

间充质干细胞对H-2半相合骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对半相合骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能的影响及机制。方法经8Gy^60Coγ射线照射后，BALB／c（H-2^d）雌性小鼠分为两组：MSC组，尾静脉输注经cm—DiI膜染剂标记的CB6F1（H-2^bd）雌性小鼠的MSC和CB6F1雄性小鼠的骨髓及脾的单个核细胞；对照组，单独输注CB6F1骨髓及脾的单个核细胞。观察两组移植后不同时间外周血中的淋巴细胞亚群，ConA和LPs刺激的T、B淋巴细胞增殖，供受者及第三者混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR），供者骨髓及脾细胞在受者胸腺、骨髓和脾脏的植入率，供者MSC在受者体内分布，急、慢性GVHD的发生率和生存分析。结果移植后90天（＋90天）内，MSC组CD3阳性细胞高于对照组（P〈0．05），＋30天MSC组CD3CD4双阳性细胞百分比和CD4／CD8值高于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组T细胞增殖活性差异无统计学意义。MSC组＋14天后B细胞增殖功能开始恢复，＋30天达到正常值，而对照组＋60天才恢复到正常值。供受者的MLR中MSC组的RR值始终低于对照组；第三者MLR中MSC组与对照组差异无统计学意义。＋30天MSC组受者骨髓和脾中的sry基因多于对照组。移植后MSC主要集中在胸腺、骨髓、肝、小肠，并且大量扩增。对照组急性GVHD发生率高于MSC组（P〈0．05），＋90天对照组出现不同程度的慢性GVHD，MSC组＋120天后出现慢性GVHD，程度轻于对照组。MSC组存活率高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论MSC促进骨髓干细胞植入，加快C1M淋巴细胞恢复，促进体液免疫恢复，减少GVHD发生率，并且在受者胸腺、骨髓、肝、肠和心内膜下大量扩增，起到修复损伤作用，提高半相合骨髓移植动物生存率。     

非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植(NST)治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效。方法 14例有血缘相关HLA相合的MDS患者接受NST治疗。骨髓增生异常综合征-难治性贫血(MDS-RA)患者非清髓预处理方案为:氟达拉滨(Flud)+环磷酰胺(CTX)+抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白(ATG);骨髓异常综合征-难治性贫血伴原始细胞过多(MDSRAEB)患者非清髓预处理方案为:在MDS-RA患者非清髓预处理方案基础上加用马利兰(Bu)。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防采用环孢素(CSA)联合霉酚酸酯(MMF)。结果 13例患者造血均获得快速重建,1例造血未恢复。中性粒细胞在术后第9～12天恢复到0.5×109/L以上,12例患者血小板在术后第11～21天恢复到30×109/L以上。14例中12例完全植入,2例混合嵌合植入,其中1例经过二次移植后达到完全植入,另1例在移植后2个月发生移植排斥,移植后70d因脑出血死亡。1例发生急性Ⅱ度肠道GVHD,经静脉给予他克莫司(FK506)和甲泼尼龙治疗后病情控制,但患者在后期应用FK506治疗过程中出现癫痫持续发作,经多种抗癫痫药物治疗未见好转,家属放弃治疗自动出院后死亡。14例中未见慢性GVHD和间质性肺炎发生。随访36～133个月,11例患者现无病存活,其中10例存活60个月以上,3例死亡。结论 NST治疗MDS安全可行,可为治愈MDS提供新手段。     

猕猴造血嵌合体检测方法的建立与应用

在受体内检测到供体细胞嵌合是判断动物移植模型成功建立的关键。为了研究猕猴移植模型中的造血细胞嵌合状态，本研究利用多聚酶链反应（PCR）扩增猕猴Y特异性序列，建立检测性别不同供受者猕猴移植模型嵌合体的方法；用体外雄性、雌性DNA混合稀释实验研究该方法的敏感性；用染色体分析法验证该方法的准确性，并对1例异基因外周血造血干细胞移植的猕猴和1例间充质干细胞（MSC）异体输注的猕猴进行嵌舍监测。结果表明：雄性猕猴DNA扩增产物长度为176bp，雌性无扩增产物，敏感性达0．05％（雄性／雌性DNA比例）。对异基因外周血造血干细胞移植的猕猴，用Y特异性序列分析法和性别染色体检测法于移植后7及14天均检测到雄性供者嵌合。输注非亲缘雄性MSC的雌性猕猴，输注后1小时的外周血和30天的骨髓用本方法检出雄性供体嵌合．结果性别染色体检测未发现雄性供体嵌合。结论：采用PCR法扩增猕猴Y特异性序列检测猕猴移植模型嵌合体方法简便，样本需要量少，敏感性高。该法可用于猕猴各种异体器官移植和细胞输注实验的嵌合状态评价。     

骨髓间充质干细胞防治多脏器衰竭

Objective The patients with lethal irradiation after sucessful hematopoietic stem cells transplan-tation had blood recovery, but did not avoid to died of multiple organ failure(MOF). To overcome the block, the article investigated mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protecting lethal radiated mice from multiple organ failure after haploid bone marrow cells transplantation. Method BALB/c mice irradiated with 8Gy60COγ-rays were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group, infused MSCs labeled with cm-DiI and bone marrow monocytes of CB6F1 mice; Control group, only infused bone marrow monocytes; normal group, mice were infused cm-DiI marked MSCs without irradiation. The distribution of MSCs and the serous densities of Il-2, Il-10 and TNF-α in the recipients were observed after transplantation. Results MSCs collected in the bone marrow and the intes-tine in normal group at 15 d,in MSCs group MSCs enriched the different organs at 3,15 and 30 d. MSCs regulated down the secretion of IL-2 and TNF-α,and up the IL-10 density. Conclusions MSCs protected mice from multiple organ failure through above effects and may be open a new treatment strategy on acute radiation syndrome by stem cells.