头颈及肺双发鳞状细胞癌原发部位的判断方法及相关研究进展

鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)是头颈及肺恶性肿瘤最常见的病理类型之一。头颈鳞癌可以发生转移, 肺是最常见的转移部位, 肺鳞癌在罕见情况下也可转移至头颈部。头颈及肺也可发生双原发性鳞癌。与头颈及肺双原发性鳞癌相比, 转移性鳞癌患者在预后以及治疗原则上存在明显不同。因此, 准确判断双发鳞癌原发部位至关重要。目前通常根据患者的临床特征、影像学及病理学特点进行评估, 然而, 在部分头颈及肺双发鳞癌患者中, 利用上述手段仍无法判别其原发部位。近年来, 随着分子病理诊断技术的不断发展, 利用分子手段辅助判断可以提高诊断准确率, 使患者受益。本文总结并归纳了近年有关头颈及肺部双原发肿瘤与转移性肿瘤的鉴别方法, 并对鉴别诊断方法的研究进展进行阐述。     

晚期糖基化终末产物可影响破骨细胞的骨吸收功能

BACKGROUND: The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on osteoclast-induced bone resorption is controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Most of the studies indicate that AGEs can enhance bone resorption, while some others show the opposite effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of AGEs on osteoclast-induced inorganic matrix dissolution and organic component degradation and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: RAW 264.7 cells were induced to generate osteoclasts, and AGEs (50-400 µg/mL) or control-bovine serum albumin (100 µg/mL) was added since the beginning of the induction. The effect of AGEs on bone resorption was evaluated by analyzing the area of resorption pits on the Osteo Assay Surface plates and the expression of cathepsin K. Furthermore, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells, nuclei per osteoclasts and the expression of integrin ανβ3 were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The area of resorption pits and expression of cathepsin K in AGEs groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group, and this inhibiting effect became more obvious with the increase of AGEs concentration. TRAP staining also showed that number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and nuclei per osteoclast were significantly reduced in an AGE dose-dependent manner. Quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of integrin ανβ3 decreased significantly with the extension of AGEs incubation time. These data indicate that AGEs can exert inhibitory effects on organic and inorganic matrix degradation induced by osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism may be involved in the inhibitory effects of AGEs on directed differentiation and cell fusion of osteoclast precursor cells, and migration and adhension of osteoclasts. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

临床常见革兰阴性菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药性检测

目的完善我国西南地区临床常见革兰阴性细菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药的分子流行病学资料。方法对2007年5月至2008年5月间从四川省4家医院采集的381株耐碳青霉烯类药物的临床菌株,进行4大类15种抗菌药物耐药性检测和产金属-β-内酰胺酶(MBLs)菌株筛选,并采用PCR对产MBLs菌株进行常见耐药基因的扩增。结果 381株耐碳青霉烯类药物菌株中筛选到122株MBLs表型阳性的菌株,分别有45株产blaIMP(31株产blaIMP-9、8株产blaIMP-1、6株产blaIMP-4)、52株产blaVIM(48株产blaVIM-2,4株产blaVIM-1)、7株产blaNDM-1和16株菌株产blaSIM-1。此外,还有2株MBLs表型试验阳性菌株未鉴定出任何已知MBLs基因。结论 381株受试菌株以多重耐药或全耐药菌株为主,我国西南地区耐碳青霉烯类药物临床菌株主要流行IMP型和VIM型MBLs,其中以产blaIMP-9和产blaVIM-2最为常见。     

临床大肠埃希氏菌耐药性检测及超广谱β-内酰胺酶流行病学调查

目的了解广州地区临床大肠埃希氏菌耐药及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的流行情况。方法对临床分离鉴定的57株大肠埃希氏菌进行5大类15种抗菌药物的耐药性检测。通过表型确认试验筛选出产ESBLs菌株,采用PCR法检测15种临床重要且常见的耐药基因。结果 57株大肠埃希氏菌对15种抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性。其中有23株产ESBLs,ESBLs产生率为40.4%;24株产TEM,13株产CTX-M(其中,8株产CTX-M-55、4株产CTX-M-14、1株产CTX-M-27),2株产OXA-1。结论广州地区大肠埃希氏菌耐药情况依然严峻。同时,ESBLs流行趋势发生了变化:以前以流行CTX-M-9型为主,现在以CTX-M-1型和CTX-M-9型同时流行为主要特征。     

临床常见革兰阴性菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药性检测

目的完善我国西南地区临床常见革兰阴性细菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药的分子流行病学资料。方法对2007年5月至2008年5月间从四川省4家医院采集的381株耐碳青霉烯类药物的临床菌株,进行4大类15种抗菌药物耐药性检测和产金属-β-内酰胺酶（MBLs）菌株筛选,并采用PCR对产MBLs菌株进行常见耐药基因的扩增。结果381株耐碳青霉烯类药物菌株中筛选到122株MBLs表型阳性的菌株,分别有45株产blaIMP（31株产blaIMP-9、8株产blaIMP-1、6株产blaIMP-4）、52株产blaVIM（48株产blaVIM-2,4株产blaVIM-1）、7株产blaNDM-1和16株菌株产blaSIM-1。此外,还有2株MBLs表型试验阳性菌株未鉴定出任何已知MBLs基因。结论381株受试菌株以多重耐药或全耐药菌株为主,我国西南地区耐碳青霉烯类药物临床菌株主要流行IMP型和VIM型MBLs,其中以产blaIMP-9和产blaVIM-2最为常见。