帽状息肉病临床和内镜特征及内镜下切除治疗效果

为了探讨帽状息肉病的临床、内镜特征,并评价其内镜下切除治疗效果,对2017年6月—2021年2月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）或内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）结直肠息肉切除治疗,经术后病理证实为帽状息肉病的14例病例（共56枚息肉）进行了回顾性分析。结果显示：男8例,女6例;年龄14岁～74岁,其中<60岁7例,≥60岁7例;7例（50.0%）伴消化道症状;息肉多发4例,单发10例（71.4%）;息肉位于直肠42枚（75.0%）,乙状结肠13枚（23.2%）,横结肠1枚;山田分型Ⅰ型44枚（78.6%）,Ⅱ型3枚,Ⅲ型5枚,Ⅳ型4枚;内镜下息肉表面可见明显白色帽状覆盖物41枚（73.2%）、明显充血发红23枚,其中两者均可见8枚;2例行ESD治疗、12例行EMR治疗,均完全切除,均未出现出血、穿孔、感染等并发症;7例伴消化道症状者术后临床症状均获得缓解;11例（78.6%）随访期间完成肠镜复查,均未见息肉复发。由此可见,帽状息肉病无性别、年龄发病差异,息肉多单发,直肠及乙状结肠多见,形态以山田Ⅰ型为主,表面多有白色帽状覆盖物,患者可无明显消化道症状,内镜下切除治疗安全、有效。     

人GDDR基因启动子的克隆和报告基因载体构建

目的:克隆人GDDR基因的启动子;构建GDDR启动子的报告基因载体并进行活性分析.方法:设计合成GD-DR启动子引物,采用PCR技术从人基因组DNA中扩增GD-DR启动子;将扩增片段插入T载体并利用酶切与测序进行鉴定;亚克隆该基因至pGL3-Basic荧光报告基因载体;瞬时转染细胞,用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测报告基因载体的活性.结果:PCR扩增得到人GDDR基因启动子;成功构建pGL3-GDDR-promoter 报告基因载体,测序结果表明启动子序列正确;双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统证实构建的报告基因载体具有启动子活性.结论:成功地构建人GDDR基因启动子的克隆及其报告基因载体的构建,为深入研究GDDR转录表达的调控机制提供基础.     

GDDR位点突变载体的构建和稳转细胞系的建立

目的构建GDDR位点突变载体,使GDDR翻译蛋白无法通过二硫键与TFF1结合,建立稳定转染GDDR位点突变载体的人胃癌SGC-7901稳转细胞系。方法设计GDDR Cys38位点突变引物,构建GDDR位点突变的真核表达载体;脂质体法转染重组质粒至人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901;G418筛选阳性细胞并扩大培养;实时定量PCR检测突变GDDR mRNA在人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901的表达。结果经限制性内切酶酶切和DNA测序证实质粒中插入的为所需序列;实时定量PCR证实突变GDDR在人胃癌SGC-7901稳转细胞系高表达。结论 GDDR定点突变载体构建成功,建立了稳定转染GDDR位点突变载体的SGC-7901细胞系,为进一步研究GDDR的结构和功能提供了条件。     

完全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的比较

目的 研究缝合重建完全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术与腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治术的优缺点,探讨在完全腹腔镜下缝合重建吻合方式的安全性与可行性.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2010年7月在第四军医大学西京消化病医院完全腹腔镜下缝合重建胃癌D2根治术与腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术49例患者的临床资料,手术均由同一位经验丰富的普通外科医师完成.结果 完全腹腔镜胃癌根治21例中行远端胃切除15例,全胃切除6例,均采用镜下手工缝合胃肠吻合和空肠-空肠吻合,应用25mm管型吻合器完成食管空肠吻合;腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治28例中行远端胃切除21例,全胃切除7例.完全腹腔镜组与腹腔镜辅助组平均手术时间分别为(279±65)min、(232±40)min(P＜0.05),平均肿瘤下切缘为(3.1±0.9)cm、(2.9±0.9)cm(P＞0.05),平均上切缘为(5.7±1.5)cm、(5.1±1.4)cm(P＞0.05),两组切缘均无癌残留.完全腹腔镜组术后无需用镇痛药,腹腔镜辅助组平均使用镇痛药1.8 d;完全腹腔镜组术后通气时间为3 d,腹腔镜辅助组为4.8 d;完全腹腔镜组术后发生早期并发症2例,其中1例腹腔感染,1例肺部感染.腹腔镜辅助组2例,其中1例切口感染,1例肺部感染.术后中位随访时间4个月,两组均无吻合口瘘与狭窄发生.结论 完全腹腔镜下缝合重建的胃癌D2根治术具有可以接受的手术时间和早期并发症的发生率,可在有选择的患者中由经验丰富的外科医师应用.

Abstract：

Objectives To compare total laparoscopic gastrectomy with intracorporeal hand-sewn Gl reconstruction and laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods Between July 2009 and July 2010, 21 patients of gastric cancer underwent total laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy with intracorporeal hand-sewn reconstruction and 28 did laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy in Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases. All patients were operated on by an experienced surgeon. Patient demographics, TNM stage, location of tumor, the intraoperative and postoperative details of the two groups were compared. Results In the 21 patients undergoing total laparoscopic gastrectomy, there were 15 of distal gastrectomy and 6 of total gastrectomy, compared with 21 and 7 in laparoscopy-assisted group. In total laparoscopic group, intracorporeal hand-sewn technique was used for gastro-jejunal and jejuno-jejunal (J-J)anastomosis, and 25 mm circular stapler was used for esophago-jejunal anastomosis. The operation time was significant longer in total laparoscopic group than in laparoscopy-assisted group of (279 ± 65 ) min vs.(232 ±40) min (P ＜ 0.05 ). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in proximal margin [(5.7 ± 1.5 )cm vs. (5.1 ± 1.4) cm, P ＞ 0.05] and distal margin [( 3.1 ± 0.9 )cm vs. ( 2.9 ±0.9) cm,P ＞0.05]. The iv narcotic use in laparoscopy-assisted group was 1.8 d but it was not used in total laparoscopic group. The first passing flatus was on day 3 in total laparoscopic group compared with 4.8 d in laparoscopy-assisted group. Both groups had 2 postoperative early complications, one intra-abdominal infection and one lung infection in total laparoscopic group compared with one wound infection and one lung infection in laparoscopy-assisted group. There was no anastomosis-related complications after 4 months of follow-up. Conclusions The operation time and postoperative early complication was acceptable for selected patients treated by total laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy with intracorporeal hand-sewn GI tract reconstruction in hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeon.