超声弹性应变率比值在乳腺肿块良恶性中的诊断价值

[目的]探讨超声弹性应变率比值在乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4级乳腺肿块良恶性中的诊断价值.[方法]选择2014年11月至2016年11月本院诊治的168例BI-RADS4级乳腺肿块患者,所有患者均采用超声弹性成像检查,并将检查结果与病理结果对比,分析弹性应变率比值在BI-RADS4A、BI-RADS4B、BI-RADS4C三个亚类中的应用价值.[结果]乳腺良性病灶患者的超声弹性应变率比值明显高于恶性病灶患者,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).BI-RADS4A类良恶性的超声弹性应变率比值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);BI-RADS4B类良恶性的超声弹性应变率比值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),超声弹性应变率比值对BI-RADS4B类乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度为89.15%,特异度为77.34%,准确性为88.24%,阳性预测值为92.09%,ROC曲线下面积为0.918;BI-RADS4C类良恶性的超声弹性应变率比值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),超声弹性应变率比值对BI-RADS4C类乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度为86.28%,特异度为80.15%,准确性为83.82%,阳性预测值为93.26%.[结论]弹性应变率比值在BI-RADS4B、BI-RADS4C类乳腺肿块良恶性中的诊断价值较高,而BI-RADS4A类应用弹性应变率比值进行诊断的价值有限,需结合其他诊断方法.     

绒毛组织冷冻切片与靶向超声微泡造影剂的结合特性研究

目的本研究旨在探讨耦合抗β-人绒毛膜促性腺素（β-HCG）抗体靶向超声微泡造影剂（TMCA）的稳定性及其与妊娠绒毛组织冷冻切片的结合特性。方法将制备好的TMCA与异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记兔抗鼠IgG抗体稀释液混匀后,用流式细胞仪器检测不同时间点声诺维（SonoVue）微泡和抗β-HCG抗体的结合率。同时用妊娠绒毛组织冷冻切片、正常子宫内膜组织冷冻切片分别与TMCA、声诺维微泡进行结合反应,比较各组结合率、冲洗前后及抗β-HCG抗体预处理前后的结合率。结果流式细胞仪检测结果显示,声诺维微泡与FITC标记兔抗鼠IgG抗体的结合率随时间变化越来越高。寻靶实验发现,TMCA与绒毛组织、子宫内膜组织的结合率差异有显著的统计学意义[（83.30±2.15）%vs.（13.30±2.58）%,P〈0.01];绒毛组织与TMCA、声诺维微泡的结合率差异有显著的统计学意义[（83.30±2.15）%vs.（15.00±3.07）%,P〈0.01]。磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）冲洗前后TMCA与绒毛组织的结合率差异无统计学意义[（83.30±2.15）%vs.（78.30±4.36）%,P〉0.05]。抗β-HCG抗体预处理前后TMCA与绒毛组织的结合率差异有显著的统计学意义[（83.3±2.15）%vs（16.7±2.5）%,P〈0.01）。结论 TMCA与绒毛组织在体外一定条件下能高效率、高强度、高特异性地稳定结合。     

三维子宫输卵管超声造影检查和图像分析

目的初步探讨三维子宫输卵管造影对输卵管通畅性的诊断价值。方法回顾分析2008年4月—2010年12月在本院就诊并自愿接受三维子宫输卵管超声造影检查的不孕症患者197例。结果通畅、通而不畅和阻塞的输卵管中,伞端明显可见率依次为89.0%、30.3%、4.0%;卵巢周边明显光环显示率分别为90.0%、52.3%、17.3%;将197例患者按照输卵管通阻情况分为6组,各组子宫直肠窝造影剂明显积聚发生率从高到低依次为97.1%、82.7%、68.2%、40.0%、17.6%、0.0%;有明显阻力发生率从高到低依次为72.2%、35.3%、30.0%、27.3%、3.8%、2.9%;有明显不适发生率各组间差异有统计学意义。结论综合分析三维和编码对比显像模式下输卵管伞端、卵巢周边明显光环显示率等可用于评估输卵管通畅性,三维子宫输卵管造影动态、简单、无创,可作为检测输卵管通畅性的重要方法。     

经阴道子宫输卵管声诺维三维超声造影诊断输卵管性不孕症的初步探讨——附36例检测报告

目的：探讨经阴道子宫输卵管声诺维三维超声造影（3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy）诊断输卵管性不孕症的可行性及诊断效能。方法：选择36例不孕症患者共72条输卵管,利用经阴道子宫输卵管3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy诊断输卵管的通畅性和盆腔黏连情况,以腹腔镜下通液检查结果为标准,评价3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy对输卵管通畅性的诊断效能。结果：3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy诊断输卵管阻塞的阳性预测值为87%,诊断输卵管通畅的阴性预测值为84%,诊断通而不畅的符合率为20%,判断输卵管通畅与否的准确度是76%,诊断输卵管阻塞的敏感度为84%,诊断输卵管通畅的特异度为75%。在通畅及通而不畅的35条输卵管的3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy图像中,83%输卵管可见伞端溢出,通畅的25条输卵管中88%可见同侧卵巢周边造影剂溢出环,10条通而不畅的输卵管中7条可见同侧卵巢周边少量溢出;检出盆腔黏连的敏感度15%。结论：经阴道子宫输卵管3D-SonoVue-HyCoSy诊断输卵管性不孕症是可行和有效的,自动三维容积成像功能和声诺维超声造影剂的使用明显提高了输卵管内造影剂持续流动信号的探测水平和输卵管伞端造影剂溢出的识别水平。     

三维超声自动体积测量技术在多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的应用价值

Objective To investigate clinical significance of counting follicles classification by three-dimensional imaging with sonography based automated volume calculation(SonoAVC)in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Eighty cases with PCOS were counted classified follicles and determined ovarian volume by three-dimensional(3D)imaging with SonoAVC method matched with 60 infertile women with fallopian tube or male factors as control.Main clinical.biological and other ultrasonographic markers were assessed during the early follicular phase,and the relationship between the follicle number range per ovary or the volume per ovary and the major hormonal features of PCOS was studied.Results Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC methed provides a new path for objective quantitative assessment of follicle count.ovarian volume,total follicle numbers.The volume of (11 ±8)ml,total numbers of 27 ±14 follicle and number of22 ±19 follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than(6 ±4)ml in ovarian volume.6 ±4 in total follicles and 2 ±3 in follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in controls(P＜0.05).while follicles were similar for the≥6-≤9mm range(P＞0.05).Total follicle numbers and follicles≥2-＜6 mm had significantly positive relationships with ovarian volume ( r= 0. 600, 0. 618, P＜0. 01 ) and level of testosterones ( r= 0. 364,0. 291, P＜0.05), follicles ≥2-＜6 mm also had significantly positive relationships with total follicle number (r=0. 916,P＜0. 01 ). The follicles within the ≥6 - ≤9 mm range was significantly and negatively related to ovarian volume and total follicle numbers ( r = - 0. 618, - 0. 263, all P = 0. 001 ), but no significantly related to the major hormonal features of PCOS. The ovarian volume was significantly positively related with luteinizing hormone ( LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio ( r= 0. 282, P = 0. 010)but negatively related to FSH level (r = - 0. 226, P = 0. 042). Conclusions Ovarian volume, total follicle numbers and follicles ≥2 - ＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The larger ovarian volume might produce more total follicle and follicles ≥ 2 - ＜6 mm. The higher level of testosterone might produce more total follicle probably, which mainly result in more follicles ≥2 -＜6 mm.These morphologically ultrasonographic characteristics could reflect pathophysiological changes in PCOS. Obviously, it has important clinical significance to count follicles in patients with PCOS by the threedimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC method.     

三维超声自动体积测量技术在多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的应用价值

Objective To investigate clinical significance of counting follicles classification by three-dimensional imaging with sonography based automated volume calculation(SonoAVC)in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Eighty cases with PCOS were counted classified follicles and determined ovarian volume by three-dimensional(3D)imaging with SonoAVC method matched with 60 infertile women with fallopian tube or male factors as control.Main clinical.biological and other ultrasonographic markers were assessed during the early follicular phase,and the relationship between the follicle number range per ovary or the volume per ovary and the major hormonal features of PCOS was studied.Results Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC methed provides a new path for objective quantitative assessment of follicle count.ovarian volume,total follicle numbers.The volume of (11 ±8)ml,total numbers of 27 ±14 follicle and number of22 ±19 follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than(6 ±4)ml in ovarian volume.6 ±4 in total follicles and 2 ±3 in follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in controls(P＜0.05).while follicles were similar for the≥6-≤9mm range(P＞0.05).Total follicle numbers and follicles≥2-＜6 mm had significantly positive relationships with ovarian volume ( r= 0. 600, 0. 618, P＜0. 01 ) and level of testosterones ( r= 0. 364,0. 291, P＜0.05), follicles ≥2-＜6 mm also had significantly positive relationships with total follicle number (r=0. 916,P＜0. 01 ). The follicles within the ≥6 - ≤9 mm range was significantly and negatively related to ovarian volume and total follicle numbers ( r = - 0. 618, - 0. 263, all P = 0. 001 ), but no significantly related to the major hormonal features of PCOS. The ovarian volume was significantly positively related with luteinizing hormone ( LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio ( r= 0. 282, P = 0. 010)but negatively related to FSH level (r = - 0. 226, P = 0. 042). Conclusions Ovarian volume, total follicle numbers and follicles ≥2 - ＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The larger ovarian volume might produce more total follicle and follicles ≥ 2 - ＜6 mm. The higher level of testosterone might produce more total follicle probably, which mainly result in more follicles ≥2 -＜6 mm.These morphologically ultrasonographic characteristics could reflect pathophysiological changes in PCOS. Obviously, it has important clinical significance to count follicles in patients with PCOS by the threedimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC method.     

基于Blackboard平台及移动视频监测系统的妇产科超声诊断学网络教学设计的探讨

随着医学超声诊断技术不断发展,妇产超声已成为当今一个重要的超声医学诊断学分支,妇产超声诊断学教学也越来越受到重视。借助现代Blackboard网络平台及移动视频监测技术,建立形象、直观的妇产科超声诊断学网络课程,有助于实现学生、教师与资源之间的交流互动,提高教学质量和学习效率,有助于培养医学生医学超声诊断技能。     

子宫输卵管碘油造影诊断输卵管性不孕的局限性研究

目的 与腹腔镜下通液检查对照,研究子宫输卵管碘油造影（HSG）诊断输卵管性不孕的诊断价值及局限性.方法 选择2005年1月至2009年12月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院因HSG发现输卵管病变行腹腔镜检查的167例不孕症患者,共计330条输卵管,以手术中所见为诊断标准,对两种检查方法结果进行回顾性分析.结果 两种检查方法差异有统计学意义,HSG诊断输卵管通畅的阳性符合率（敏感度）为55.0%,诊断通而不畅的符合率为18.5%,诊断阻塞的阴性符合率（特异度）为84.4%,判断输卵管通畅性的准确性是71.8%,167例患者中148例腹腔镜检查存在不同程度的盆腔粘连,HSG发现30例.结论 HSG是判断输卵管通畅性有效的方法,但有其局限性,对HSG提示输卵管病变,特别是提示通而不畅及盆腔粘连者,应及时行腹腔镜检查及治疗.     

中孕末期双胎输血综合症胎儿脑血管多普勒特征的研究

目的 探讨中孕末期伴有双胎输血综合征(TTTS)的单绒毛膜双胎胎儿大脑中动脉的多普勒流速特征.方法 在13对伴有典型TTTS的单绒毛膜双胎的脐带和脑血管进行重复的多普勒测定,以11对无TTTS的单绒毛膜双胎和9对双绒毛膜双胎作为对照组.主要观测指标:脐动脉搏动指数(UA-PI)、大脑中动脉搏动指数(MCA-PI)、脑胎盘血流搏动指数比值(CPR)、PI的变化率(△PI)及大脑中动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(MCA-PSV).结果 在伴有双胎输血的单绒毛膜双胎研究组中,胎儿大脑中动脉和大脑血流指教之间收缩期峰值血流速度有显著差异.在同一胎儿中大脑中动脉高PAS低PI期间之后常伴随低PAS.在各对照组中重复测量上述数据,差异无显著变化.大脑胎盘比值的变化率在研究组高于两个对照组(0.39对0.19和0.10,P＜0.05).结论 中孕末期双胎胎儿脑血管多普勒血流速度和血流指数方面有明显变化通常提示伴有双胎输血综合征的单绒毛膜双胎中大脑血流具有阵发性的过度充盈特征.这种多普勒参数的高变化率可能有助于辅助诊断TTTS,并初步预测其对胎儿神经系统有无影响及宫内安危状态.     

绝经后不同方案他莫昔芬治疗对子宫内膜超声形态的影响

目的 探讨绝经后不同方案他莫昔芬治疗后妇女子宫内膜超声形态的影响.方法 本研究收集中山大学附属第二医院妇产科内分泌门诊、肿瘤专科门诊、妇产科超声室及病理科2003年1月1日～2007年3月31日前来就诊的有乳腺癌高危因素的正常绝经后妇女作为研究对象.将所有符合乳腺癌高危人群标准的89人随机分为两组:周期用药组40人,年龄范围46～65岁,中位数53岁;连续用药组49人,年龄范围47～54岁,中位数50岁;另设对照组10人,年龄49～57岁,中位数55岁.记录所有病人的年龄、孕周、产次、体重及药物使用的剂量(对照组除外)和作用持续时间、从停药到进行超声评价之间的间隔及子宫内膜病理检查结果.通过阴道超声评估研究纽子宫内膜厚度与他莫昔芬的使用时间及停药时间的关系.使用方差分析及线性回归模型进行统计学处理,P＜0.05为有统计学意义.结果 使用他莫昔芬3年以后,周期用药组平均内膜厚度为(7.31±1.38)mm,连续用药组子宫平均内膜厚度约为(11.2±3.23)mm,对照组子宫内膜厚度约为(4.21±1.22)mm.周期用药组子宫内膜厚度随着用药时间的延长每年增加0.65mm,连续用药组子宫内膜厚度则每年增加0.87mm.停药后周期用药组内膜厚度每年减少1.31mm,连续用药组子宫内膜厚度每年减少1.27mm.结论 经前期乳腺癌高危患者周期性使用他莫西芬治疗对子宫内膜的过度增生作用明显小于连续用药,停药后内膜厚度减少速度无明显差异.