学龄前儿童同伴关系与内化问题的相互预测研究

考察学龄前儿童同伴关系和内化问题之间的相互预测关系,为有效改善儿童青少年心理健康状况提供参考依据.方法 采用整群抽样方法,使用儿童社会性发展量表和儿童行为核对表对山东省菏泽市4所幼儿园220名学龄前儿童进行为期1年的追踪调查,采用交叉滞后分析考察主要变量之间的相互预测关系.结果 随着年级升高,学龄前儿童的同伴关系得分呈上升趋势(F值分别为6.40和4.81,P值均<0.01),而内化问题得分则呈下降趋势(F值分别为7.65和5.46,P值均<0.01);学龄前儿童前测时的同伴关系和内化问题对后测对应行为的预测作用均有统计学意义(β值分别为0.56,0.49,P值均<0.01);前测同伴关系对后测内化问题的预测作用有统计学意义(β=-0.19,P<0.05).结论 同伴关系和内化问题均表现出跨时间的稳定性,早期同伴关系和内化问题均能预测后期的对应行为.早期同伴关系能够预测后期内化问题,而早期内化问题无法预测后期同伴关系.     

电刺激联合生物反馈治疗对改善产后盆底功能的效果观察

目的观察电刺激联合生物反馈治疗对改善产后女性盆底肌肌力及盆底功能的效果,同时探讨其在临床上的应用价值。方法选取2017年11月-2018年10月于山西省某院分娩并复查的女性352例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为训练组(n=235),观察组(n=117)。训练组患者分2个阶段进行电刺激联合生物反馈治疗,每个阶段治疗时间为2周,每周进行2次治疗,治疗次数共8次。观察组患者予以常规康复指导,不予特殊干预,自然恢复。于产后42d、产后6个月时对2组患者进行盆底电生理检测、盆底功能障碍影响简易问卷调查、盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性功能问卷调查,观察电刺激联合生物反馈治疗对产后女性早期盆底肌肌力及盆底功能的临床效果。结果产后42d,2组患者I类肌纤维的肌力及疲劳度、Ⅱ类肌纤维的肌力及疲劳度、阴道最大动态压力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);产后6个月,训练组患者I类肌纤维的肌力及疲劳度、Ⅱ类肌纤维的肌力、阴道最大动态压力明显高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);产后6个月,2组患者Ⅱ类肌纤维的疲劳度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。产后42d,盆底功能障碍影响简易问卷中,2组患者各题选择有影响的人数比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);产后6个月,盆底功能障碍影响简易问卷中,训练组患者各题选择有影响的人数比例均低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。产后42d,2组患者有性生活人数均较少,盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性功能问卷评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);产后6个月,训练组患者盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性功能问卷评分高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论产后早期电刺激联合生物反馈训练可改善患者盆底肌肌力及盆底功能障碍,具有良好的临床效果,值得推广应用。     

高通量血液透析和低通量血液透析不同模式对老年维持性血液透析患者血压的影响

目的 观察高通量血液透析(HFHD)与低通量血液透析(LFHD)的不同模式运用到老年患者维持性血液透析(MHD)中对其血压的影响。方法 选择2015年2月—2017年10月本院治疗的MHD老年患者74例,先为其施LFHD 3个月,再为其辅以3个月的HFHD,3次/周,4 h/次,对比不同透析模式对患者血压的影响。结果 实施HFHD后患者的平均动脉压(MAP)有所降低,在第3 h与第4 h透析后,血压把控优于LFHD(P<0.05)。结论 对于MHD老年患者来说,实施HFHD是优良的透析方法。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

静点硝酸甘油的临床应用

静脉点滴硝酸甘油对正常人的作用由 Christensson 在1989年首次报道。二十多年来,静点硝酸甘油不但用于治疗各种类型心绞痛,而且用于治疗心肌梗塞,顽固性心衰以及心脏和颅脑外科手术。硝酸甘油同多巴酚汀胺联合应用得当,能够解决临床工作中的很多难题。     

血小板激活因子在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

用麻醉大鼠开胸冠状动脉结扎模型,研究血小板激活因子(PAF)在心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中的作用。观察指标及分组:(1)缺血及再灌注性心律失常:记录心电图室早个数对数值(1gPVC)、室速与室颤总时程对数值[1g(VT+VV)]及心律失常记分。分假结扎、缺血30min、缺血7min再灌注30man 3组,后二组各分为PAF拮抗剂BN50739(10mg/kg)预处理组、PAF(30ng·kg~(-1)·min~(-1))持续静滴及溶     

不稳定性心绞痛患者的高胰岛素血症

检测冠心病不稳定性心绞痛２４例，稳定性心绞痛２９例，对照组３０例糖耐量前后血糖、胰岛素（ＩＳ）、Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）的变化。结果不稳定性心绞痛组和稳定性心绞痛组空腹和服糖后的ＩＳ、ＣＰ均明显升高，前组与后组相比，显示更高的ＩＳ、ＣＰ浓度（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．００１）。提示冠心病的高胰岛素血症与其临床症状的严重程度相关，而高胰岛素血症对神经体液的影响可能会导致心绞痛的恶化。     

高压氧辅助治疗颅骨缺损15例

本文探讨高压氧 (HBO)辅助治疗 15例颅骨缺损病人的临床效果 ,并与对照组 13例进行比较 ,HBO组治疗后病人的神经精神症状明显改善 ,有效率达 85 %左右 ,颅骨修补率高达 93 % ,治疗有效率明显优于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。