中枢神经系统阿片样肽类系统解剖学

1982年,对内源性阿片肽的研究来说是重要转折的一年,因为所有脑阿片类物质找到了各自的谱系。在此之前虽然了解有八个不同的内源性配体含有脑啡肽核心Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met(或Leu-),但对阿片肽类物质间的关系及其在中枢神经系统(CNS)内的分布还是不清楚的,因而无法阐明其机能意义和解释各种生理学推论。重组DNA技术的建立,对搞清阿片类肽的三个不     

鸡后海,大椎,足三里穴区神经支配的脊髓节段性分布——用霍乱毒素B亚单位结合辣根过氧化物酶法研究

鸡后海，大椎，足三里穴区神经支配的脊髓节段性分布——用霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位结合辣根过氧化物酶法研究刘扬＊谭会兵李若凡刘克曹承刚左志林＊＊万选才（中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学基础所解剖学及神经生物学室＊北京高等医学专科学校＊＊北京农学院）本文采用２０日龄...     

奇静脉逆行灌注在主动脉手术中对脊髓保护的解剖学研究

目的 :为主动脉手术中脊髓保护提供形态基础和术式设计。方法 :解剖观察了 3 1例成人标本的奇静脉系、椎静脉丛 ,以及脊髓静脉回流途径。结果 :观测奇静脉系及相关静脉 ,其直径为 ( x±s) :奇静脉为 (9.2± 1.9)mm ,半奇静脉为 (5 .5± 1.2 )mm ,副半奇静脉为 (3 .8± 0 .9)mm ,左最上肋间静脉为 (2 .0±0 .4)mm ,右最上肋间静脉为 (1.9± 0 .4)mm ,左腰升静脉为 (2 .3± 0 .5 )mm ,右腰升静脉为 (2 .2± 0 .6)mm。根据奇静脉属支的配布和肋间静脉汇入形式 ,将奇静脉系分为 4种类型。奇静脉及其属支中存在静脉瓣 ,有个体差异。脊髓静脉密集 ,与椎内静脉丛有丰富的网络连接 ,并通过神经根静脉与椎外静脉丛、奇静脉系相交通。结论 :在主动脉手术中应用奇静脉逆行灌注脊髓保护 ,是一种行之有效的新术式。     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

成年女性骶棘韧带区的临床应用解剖研究

目的研究骶棘韧带（sacrospinous ligament,SSL）区的血管神经解剖特点,为骶棘韧带固定术（sacrospinous ligament fixation,SSLF）提供解剖学基础。方法对10具（20侧）成人女性尸体的SSL区进行解剖、观查并测量其与周围血管神经的解剖关系。结果SSL的长度是（52．3±4．2）mm,距离坐骨棘2．5cm处的宽度为（12．0±2．1）mm。大部分臀下血管（15／20）出骨盆前经过SSL外侧一半的后方或紧邻上缘,且大部分（18／20）在近SSL上缘处发出尾动脉,它在SSL上缘处距离坐骨棘（15．7±5．6）mm。阴部神经在坐骨棘内侧从内上向外下斜行跨越SSL背侧进入坐骨小孔,位于阴部内血管的内侧或内上方,在SSL上、下缘其最内界与坐骨棘的距离分别是（23．4±3．6）mm和（15．7±1．3）mm。15个半骨盆中（15／20）找到肛提肌神经,其跨越SSL上缘处与坐骨棘的距离是（39．6±8．3）mm。结论SSLF中,选择缝合SSL距离坐骨棘至少2．5am处、宽度为韧带靠近下缘的1／2、深度为韧带全层厚度的浅层之1／2,即宽度约5mm,深度约1mm,可避免损伤其后方及上缘的血管神经。     

颏舌肌在舌后坠发生中的作用──实验性肌电观察

本研究使用针电极直视下插入肌肉的方法，描记了１６只家兔在不同时期与舌运动有关肌肉的电活动，以探讨颏舌肌于睡眠中对舌后坠发生的作用。通过观察表明，舌肌在舌后坠发生中具有更为主动的作用，并且提示反射性调节对睡眠中舌后坠缓解作用的局限性。     

国产类霍乱原(CB)与进口CB的辣根过氧化物酶结合物(国产CB-HRP及进口原料CB-HRP)的标记效果比较

将获自“A-B+突变型菌种”原液的国产CB,一半与HRP直接偶联成CB-HRPI,另一半经Sephadex胶柱分离、纯化后再与HRP偶联得到CB-HRP I,并将其与CB-HRPSigma进行比较.三种样品所含HRP均为3.6％.应用舌-舌下神经核及胫前肌-脊髓前角细胞标记模型。CB-HRP I接近CB-HRP Sigma的标记效果,CB-HRP I的效果较差.     

副肝左动脉及肝总动脉起始异常一例

1 男尸,约50岁,身高175cm,发育正常.解剖操作时,发现副肝左动脉及肝总动脉变异.2 本例的腹腔干,在主动脉裂孔下方5.5mm处发自腹主动脉前壁,其管径为8.9mm,长度17mm,随即分为胃左动脉、脾动脉及副肝左动脉三支血管.胃左动脉行向左上方至胃小弯;脾动脉沿胰的上缘左行至脾门;副肝左动脉起始处管径2.8mm,长度34mm,直接上行至肝门入肝左叶.在腹腔干下方11mm处,由腹主动脉前壁发出一短干,起始处管径10.1mm,长度14mm,即分为肠系膜上动脉和肝总动脉两支血管.肠系膜上动脉起始处管径8.0mm,分支布于小肠及部分结肠;肝总动脉起始处管径6.6mm,长度26.5mm,至十二指肠上部上方又分为胃十二指肠动脉和肝固有动脉.胃十二指肠动脉下行至幽门下缘分支布于胃大弯、胰和十二指肠.肝固有动脉起始处管径5.1mm,长度26.2 mm,上行4mm处发出胃右动脉至胃大弯,肝固有动脉本干向右上方行于肝十二指肠韧带内,至肝门处分为左、右两支入肝.肝右支在人肝门前又发出胆囊动脉,穿经胆囊三角至胆囊.在肝门处观察,副肝左动脉位于肝左、右支的左侧.检查其它腹腔脏器或血管未见异常.3 肝动脉起源的变异并非罕见.据《中国人体质调查》(1986年版)报道,肝总动脉起源于肠系膜上动脉或其它占3.53%,副肝左动脉出现率为11.77%.本例肝的动脉血供有两     

肌腱离断对不同功能运动神经元群CGRP表达的影响

肌腱离断对不同功能运动神经元群ＣＧＲＰ表达的影响石葛明谭会兵万选才陈幽婷刘克曹承刚（河北医科大学解剖学室中国协和医科大学解剖学神经生物学室）利用特定标认运动神经元（Ｍｎ）复合免疫细胞化学方法，本文对肌腱离断后的趾长伸肌（快肌）运动神经元（ＥＤＬ－Ｍｎ...