中国人黏多糖贮积症ⅣA型家系GALNS基因新突变的鉴定

目的 研究黏多糖贮积症ⅣA型(mucopolysaccharidosis type ⅣA,MPS ⅣA)患者发病的分子遗传学机制,揭示其基因型与表现型的相互关系,为产前基因诊断等创造必要的前提条件.方法 采用尿糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans,GAGs)定性检测法对疑似MPS ⅣA型的先证者进行初诊,然后采用PCR及扩增产物直接测序法对先证者及其家庭成员进行突变检测.在检出GALNS基因c.1567T＞G新突变后,先后建立XspⅠ酶切鉴定法和扩增阻碍突变系统(amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)快速特异鉴定法,对随机采集的110名正常对照与先证者及其家庭成员的GALNS基因第14外显子进行序列分析,同时采用生物信息学方法对蛋白质二级、三级结构进行预测,以及直接测定患儿GALNS酶活性的方法,对该新突变进行致病性鉴定.结果 先证者尿检呈弱阳性GAGs(±),其GALNS基因第14外显子内存在杂合的c.1567T＞G终止密码突变,第4外显子存在杂合的c.374C＞T错义突变,为两种突变的复合杂合子.其妹突变类型与先证者完全相同,其母仅在第14外显子存在杂合的终止密码突变,为该病的携带者,其父仅在第4外显子存在杂合的错义突变,也为杂合子;第14外显子的PCR产物经XspⅠ酶切后,正常对照组切出28 bp、120 bp、399 bp 3条带,而患者和携带者的母亲均切出28 bp、120 bp、148 bp和399 bp 4条带;用ARMS特异引物扩增后,正常对照组均扩增阴性,而患者及携带者均扩增阳性;蛋白质二级、三级结构预测结果显示:c.1567T＞G变异导致终止密码(TAG)突变为谷氨酸(GAG),使多肽链延长了92个氨基酸残基,导致蛋白质二、三级结构发生明显改变,而正常对照无此变化.酶活性测定的结果显示:患者的GALNS酶活性仅为8.3 nmol/17 h/mg pr,明显低于正常值(正常参考值为41.9～92.1 nmol/17h/mg pr).结论 c.1567T＞G变异是一种新的致病性突变,是引起该家系患儿发病的根本原因.

Abstract：

Objective To study the molecular genetic mechanism of mucopolysaccharidosis type ⅣA(MPS ⅣA), and reveal the relationship between the genotype and phenotype, and provide a basis for prenatal gene diagnosis in the future. Methods A preliminary diagnosis was made by qualitative detection of urinary glycosaminoglycans of the suspected MPS ⅣA proband. Then, mutation detection was performed on the proband and her family members with PCR and direct sequencing of the PCR products. After a novel c.1567T＞G mutation was detected,XspⅠrestriction enzyme digestion and amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS) fast specific identification were established to analyze the sequences of exon 14 in GALNS gene, including 110 randomly selected healthy controls, the proband and other pedigree members. At the same time, bioinformatic approaches for protein secondary, tertiary structure prediction were applied to identify the novel pathologic mutation. Results The proband's urine GAGs test was a weak positive(±),and a c.1567T＞G heterozygous termination codon mutation in exon 14 and a c.374C＞T heterozygous missense mutation in exon 4 were found. The proband was compound heterozygous of the two mutations, so was her younger sister. Her mother was a carrier with only a c.1567T＞G heterozygous mutation in exon 14. Her father had a heterozygous mutation of c.374C>T in exon 4. After XspⅠrestriction enzyme digestion, healthy controls had three bands including 28 bp, 120 bp and 399 bp, while the proband and her mother had four bands consisting of 28 bp, 120 bp,148 bp and 399 bp. For amplification by ARMS specific primers, it was negative for the controls,while it was positive for the proband and the carrier. The results of protein secondary and tertiary structure prediction showed that the c.1567T＞G mutation located in the stop codon, resulted in stop codon (TAG) changing to glutamic acid (GAG), with the peptide chain extending 92 amino acid residues, and secondary and tertiary protein structure change, which were not found in the controls. The result of enzyme assay showed that the activity of GALNS enzyme in the affected child was 8.3 nmol/17h/mg pr, which was obviously lower than the normal value (the normal range is 41.9-92.1 nmol/17h/mg pr). Conclusion These results illustrate that the c.1567 T＞G is a novel pathologic mutation, which is the main cause of the disease in this family.     

遗传性侏儒及其鉴别诊断

遗传性侏儒常见的有软骨发育不全(achondrop lasia,ACH,M IM 100800)、软骨发育低下(hypochondrop lasia,HCH,M IM 146000)、致死性侏儒(thanatophoric dysp lasia,TD,M IM187600)、假性软骨发育不全(pseudoachondrop lasia,PSACH,M IM 177170)和多发性骨骺发育不全(mu ltip le     

突变特异性扩增系统和变性高效液相色谱分析法结合DNA测序法快速产前诊断黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型高危胎儿

目的为了快速、准确地对黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型(MPSⅡ)高危胎儿做出产前基因诊断,从而及时而高效地防止病胎的出生。方法在阐明先证者病因及其父母基因型的基础上,采用已建立的突变特异性扩增系统(ARMS)特异引物直接鉴定法、变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)快速筛检法,结合DNA序列分析法,对已孕20周的高危胎儿的艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶(IDS)基因相应突变位点进行快速检测和鉴定。由于MPSⅡ为XR病,故又用SRY引物对胎儿进行性别鉴定,以避免可能出现的母血污染而导致的误诊。结果所怀胎儿未获得母源性的c.1344delA突变,是1例基因型完全正常的女胎。后经随访和复检,证实所生小孩的基因型、表现型都与产前诊断结果完全一致。结论 ARMS特异引物直接鉴定法、DHPLC快速筛检法结合DNA序列分析法是快速、准确产前诊断MPSⅡ高危胎儿的有效方法。其中,所建立的ARMS和DHPLC方法,既快速特异,又简便经济,可在一天之内送报结果 ,特别适用于已明确病因的高危胎儿的早期诊断以及正常组和患者试验组的快速鉴别。这一产前基因诊断工作的成功实施为今后继续开展本病以及其他相关遗传病的遗传咨询、基因诊断和产前诊断积累了宝贵的经验,也为今后开展...     

Hunter综合征胎儿的产前基因诊断

Hunter综合征是一种我国南方地区高发、严重致残、致死性的X染色体连锁隐性遗传病。临床表现多样，严重病例多于1～4岁起病，一般成年前天折。本病的根本原因是IDS基因突变导致艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶缺乏或活性降低，进而影响硫酸皮肤素（DS）和硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）的降解，导致DS、HS在体内大量堆积，最终引起各器官的病变。检测IDS基因的突变情况是确诊本病的关键。我们在开展Hunter综合征致病基因突变研究的基础上，[第一段]