The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

棉酚对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子β1和纤维连接蛋白及11β类固醇脱氢酶表达的影响

目的 观察棉酚对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏病理变化影响,并探讨其作用机制. 方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分成正常组、糖尿肾病组及棉酚干预组.检测各组的血糖、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平;用光镜及电镜观察大鼠肾脏的组织形态学改变;反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测肾脏组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、11β类固醇脱氢酶(11β-HSD1)、11β-HSD2mRNA含量;免疫组织化学法测定大鼠肾脏TGF-β1、FN表达水平. 结果 糖尿病组大鼠血糖、胆固醇、血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于正常组(P<0.01),肾小球体积增大,肾小球毛细血管基底膜不规则增厚,足细胞突起、肿胀,可见足突融合,阳性基质增多.肾组织TGF-β1、FN基因mRNA表达及蛋白表达高于正常组(P<0.01),11β-HSD2mRNA表达低于正常组(P<0.05);棉酚干预组血糖低于糖尿病组(P<0.01),血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有下降趋势;肾脏组织病理改变减轻,TGF-β1、FNmRNA表达及蛋白低于糖尿病组(0.16±0.02、0.22±0.05和0.24±0.06、0.33±0.07,P<0.05),11β-HSD1、11β-HSD2mRNA表达与糖尿病组比较无明显改变. 结论 棉酚可改善2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的病理改变,其作用机制与降血糖,进而抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1、FN表达,阻止细胞外基质的堆积有关.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

实验性2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞形态和睾酮合成功能的改变

目的：研究糖尿病时睾丸的组织病理学变化及睾丸间质细胞（Leydig细胞）睾酮合成功能的改变。方法：雄性成年SD大鼠20只，随机分为正常对照组10只、糖尿病组10只。后一组给以高脂饮食加小剂量（25mg／kg）链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型，12周后处死。用光镜及电镜观察大鼠睾丸的组织形态学改变；逆转录-PCR法检测睾丸组织类固醇激素合成灵敏调节蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory proteins，StAR）、胆固醇侧链裂解酶（P450scc）及17a-羟基化酶／17，20-裂解酶（P450c17）mRNA含量；酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中睾酮和黄体生成素（leutelnizing hormone，LH）含量。结果：糖尿病大鼠光镜下主要表现为Leydig细胞数量减少，体积变小：透射电镜下主要见到Leydig细胞萎缩：睾丸组织的StAR mRNA和P450scc mRNA含量糖尿病组低于正常对照组（P〈0．05），P450c17含量糖尿病组较正常对照组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；与正常对照组相比血清中睾酮和LH含量降低（P〈0．05）。结论：成年期2型糖尿病可以引起大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞功能降低，形态结构改变。     

肝星状细胞的激活与糖尿病大鼠肝纤维化的关系

流行病学研究表明2型糖尿病是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)最常见的危险因素之一,超过55%的NASH患者患有2型糖尿病.     

2型糖尿病大鼠脑内11β-HSD1和GR的表达与认知功能的关系及棉酚的干预作用

目的：研究棉酚对2型糖尿病大鼠认知功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠30只,随机均分成3组：正常组、2型糖尿病组、棉酚治疗组。后2组给予高脂饮食加小剂量(30 mg/kg)链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导2型糖尿病模型,棉酚治疗组(第1-4周按15 mg·kg-1·d-1剂量棉酚灌胃,第5-12周按每周15 mg·kg-1剂量棉酚灌胃)。用 Morris 水迷宫测试大鼠行为学;生化检测血糖及ELISA法检测血皮质酮、放免法检测血胰岛素水平;Western blotting方法检测大脑皮层及海马组织11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1（11β-HSD1）、糖皮质激素受体（GR）蛋白表达水平;电镜、光镜下观察大脑皮层及海马组织的形态学改变。 结果：与正常组比较,糖尿病组大脑皮层及海马神经元可见较明显的核固缩、高尔基体扩张、线粒体水肿,血糖、血皮质酮、血胰岛素水平显著升高(P<0.01),GR蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05）,11β-HSD1蛋白表达呈升高趋势,行为测试潜伏期显著延长（P<0.01）,搜索策略明显变差（P<0.01）;经棉酚干预后,大脑皮层及海马组织病理改变较轻,血糖、血皮质酮、血胰岛素水平显著降低(P<0.01),GR蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05）,11β-HSD1蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05）,行为测试潜伏期显著缩短（P<0.01）,搜索策略显著好转（P<0.01）。 结论：棉酚能改善2 型糖尿病大鼠的认知功能,可能与降低2型糖尿病大鼠脑内11β-HSD1 蛋白、升高GR蛋白水平有关。     

银杏叶提取物对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的： 研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏损伤的影响及机制。方法: 雄性SD大鼠39只，随机分为4组: 正常对照组、高脂组、糖尿病对照组和EGB治疗组。采用高脂饮食加链脲佐菌素（STZ） 诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型， EGB治疗组给予EGB 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1治疗8周。用光镜和透射电镜观察EGB对2型糖尿病大鼠肝组织的形态学改变，并检测肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH-PX)和总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的活性及MDA、NO含量。结果: 糖尿病组光镜下主要表现为肝细胞脂肪变性明显，出现大量脂肪空泡，胞浆内糖原颗粒减少或消失。电镜下主要表现为肝细胞核固缩，胞浆内含大量脂滴，细胞器明显减少，贮脂细胞明显增生，胶原纤维增生。肝组织内GSH-PX、SOD、CAT活性明显低于正常对照组，MDA、 NO含量及总NOS、iNOS 活性显著高于正常对照组； EGB治疗组肝脏组织病理改变较轻，GSH—PX、SOD、CAT 活性明显高于糖尿病组，MDA、NO含量及总NOS、iNOS 活性显著低于糖尿病组。结论: EGB对2型糖尿病大鼠的肝脏具有保护作用、抗脂质过氧化作用和抑制NO的过多产生可能在其中起重要作用。     

卵巢Sertoli-Leydig细胞瘤2例

卵巢Sertoli-Leydig细胞瘤(Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor,SLCT),是源自性索间质的一种特殊肿瘤,具有睾丸分化的潜能,在卵巢肿瘤中较罕见.本文报道2例如下.     

银杏叶提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸间质细胞雄激素合成的影响

目的:研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸间质细胞雄激素合成的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,随机均分成3组:正常对照组、2型糖尿病组、EGB治疗组。用光镜和透射电镜观察EGB对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸的形态学改变;ELISA法检测血清LH、T水平;半定量RT-PCR检测睾丸间质细胞类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(StAR)、细胞色素P450侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、细胞色素P45017a-羟化酶(P450c17)、3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶Ⅰ型(3β-HSD1)、17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶Ⅲ型(17β-HSD3)的mRNA水平。结果:糖尿病组光镜下睾丸间质细胞较正常对照组缩小;透射电镜下见到间质细胞核固缩,胞质内内质网减少。糖尿病组血清LH及T水平显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05);睾丸组织P450scc的mRNA水平显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),StAR、17β-HSD3及3β-HSD1的mRNA水平也明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),P450c17基因表达呈下降趋势(P>0.05);EGB治疗12周与糖尿病组比较睾丸组织病理改变较轻,血清LH、T含量升高(P<0.05),StAR、P450scc的mRNA水平升高(P<0.05),P450c17、17β-HSD3及3β-HSD1的mRNA水平呈上升趋势(P>0.05)。结论:EGB能减轻糖尿病大鼠睾丸损害并使2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸间质细胞合成和分泌T能力增强。     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.