脑－机接口技术发展现状及脑控动物应用前景

通过基于人或动物的脑机接口技术（ brain－machine interfaces,BMI）的研究,有望改善脑损伤、神经系统疾病及肢体运动障碍等患者的生活状态。在过去10年中BMI已取得了相当大的进展,正在逐步解决技术的长期性、稳定性的相关问题。其中BMI在安全、安保方面的研究成果当属“脑控动物”的出现。该文就BMI技术发展现状及“脑控动物”应用前景展开综述。     

颅骨修补材料研究现状及3D打印技术应用前景

BACKGROUND: Skull repair materials cannot only restore the normal shape of the skull, but also play an important role in brain functional recovery. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), titanium alloy and tissue engineering technique in cranioplasty and the prospect of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. METHODS: Literatures related to skull repair materials were retrieved in databases of CNKI and PubMed published from 1995 to 2016, using the keywords of “bone regeneration material in calvarial, 3d printing bone scaffold” in Chinese and English, respectively.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although titanium and PEEK have been used in clinic, titanium holds conductivity, thermal conductivity, while PEEK that may be displaced or lost is not involved in osseointegration. Tissue engineering technology participates in the skull tissue reconstruction, achieving satisfactory repair outcomes, but the problems of scaffold selection and preparation, seed cell obtainment, and growth factor release need to be overcomed. 3D printing technology can print personalized shape, fit the defect precisely, but the raw materials should have good biocompatibility and biomechanical property. Combination of tissue engineering technology with 3D printing technology shows a broad prospect in cranioplasty.