基于3D打印的腰椎椎弓根螺钉数字化置入及临床应用

背景：应用3D打印制备个体化导航模板辅助置钉可提高脊柱椎弓根螺钉的置钉准确率,有很好的临床应用前景。 目的：研究Mimics软件数字化设计结合3D打印模块进行腰椎椎弓根螺钉导航置入的方法,探讨其可行性及准确性。 方法：2012年2月至2013年8月,60例腰椎疾病患者采用3D打印模块辅助腰椎椎弓根螺钉导航置入内固定治疗。所有患者进行连续薄层CT扫描,采集Dicom格式图像,Mimics软件予以三维重建,设计腰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉钉道及支撑柱、分割可剥离骨面,设计带钉道的导航模块并3D打印。导航模块在手术中进行导航置钉,观察卡位、置钉情况,以X射线、CT扫描评价置钉效果。随访(12.17±3.21)个月,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表评价患者腰椎功能改善情况,JOA下腰痛评分系统评定疗效。 结果与结论：共制作253个导航模块,置入253枚螺钉,观察钉道及置钉后椎体周围骨质,未见爆裂。术后行X射线、CT扫描重建,发现有8枚椎弓根螺钉与术前设计相比,进钉方向稍有偏移,但均在较满意的位置,其余245枚椎弓根螺钉的进钉点,进钉方向、长度均与Mimics软件中模拟的预定理想进钉点、方向和长度一致,准确率96.84%。导航模块和相对应的椎体前方骨性结构贴合紧密,嵌合度良好,在应用时卡位及稳定性良好。末次随访时,JOA评分升高,Oswestry功能障碍指数低于术前(P < 0.01),优良率95%。提示,在导航模块的辅助下,腰椎椎弓根螺钉数字化置入精准,具有并发症少、疗效好等优点,有助于促进患者腰椎功能恢复。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

3D打印数字化导航模块辅助股骨颈中空拉力螺钉的精准置入

BACKGROUND: Computer-assisted orthopedic technique can help physicians develop more accurate preoperative planning and surgical simulation. 3D printing technology erects a bridge for the virtual design and implementation, and the design of the surgical program will be accurately put into practice.     

基于3D打印股骨远端骨折标准件库接骨板的数字化内固定

BACKGROUND: On CT reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) model, fracture virtual reduction and internal fixation cannot be achieved, and reasonable operation scheme cannot be formulated. Digital design can fully meet the needs of clinical orthopedics physicians. Standard parts database can provide the possibility to choose the ideal internal fixation. 3D printing makes the reasonable operation scheme accurate in clinical implementation. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility, accuracy and minimal invasion of internal fixation in treatment of the distal femoral fracture with digital design of standard parts database by 3D printing. METHODS: (1) Nine adult lower extremity specimens were selected to take continuously thin-layer CT scanning. After Dicom images were imported into the mimics software, the model was established. According to the AO classification, they were classified into A1-3, B1-3 and C1-3 types of distal femoral fracture by virtual design. Internal fixation with plate and screw formed standard parts database virtually. It was printed out the pilot hole of the navigation module design by three-dimensional printing forming technique. Plate and screw were inserted assisted by the module. X-ray and CT scan were taken postoperatively to access the position. (2) 30 patients with distal femoral fracture were subjected to above fixation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage were recorded. Imaging and curative effects were evaluated during follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Nine samples underwent X-ray and CT scan. 3D reconstruction results revealed plate position, screw entry point, nail direction, length and diameter were consistent with presetting data in Mimics software. The navigation models were designed to fit the lateral bony structure of distal femur. There were good fitting degree, good card position and good stability when the navigation was applied. It could guide plant and screw implantation. (2) In 30 cases, the operation time was (104.63±26.12) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (121.74±11.49) mL, and postoperative drainage volume was (30.29±6.38) mL. All patients were followed up. According to Schagzker criterion, the efficiency of 22 cases was excellent, 6 cases good and 2 cases average, and the excellent and good rate was 93%. The parameters of length, diameter, orientation and angle were consistent with that preoperatively. (3) Internal fixation formed by standard parts database assisted by 3D printing navigation model has advantages of high accuracy, short process, lessened blood loss, high safety, less complications, and precise fixation. Digital design of standard parts database via 3D printing navigation module is expected to achieve implant navigation and application.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

基于精确三维测量股骨干骨折髓内钉内固定的数字化设计及临床应用

背景：传统的髓内钉手术的局限性在于依赖医生的个人经验,而且扩髓会导致髓腔内生物学环境的破坏,影响骨的愈合。 目的：观察数字化技术辅助髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效分析。 方法：2010 年1 月至2014 年1月莆田学院附属医院骨科收治股骨干骨折患者80 例,均应用数字化技术辅助治疗,术前建立股骨干骨折的三维数字模型,对三维数字骨折端进行虚拟复位,测量髓腔的直径,按测量数据选取合适规格的髓内钉,然后按照数字化技术制定的手术方案进行闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗。 结果与结论：80例患者随访12-24个月,骨折全部获得骨愈合,随访12个月时按骨科临床疗效标准评价,优62例,良15例,可3例,优良率为96%。无感染、内固定物断裂或松动等并发症发生。提示,数字化技术辅助髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折疗效确切,能明显缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤,减少患者和医护人员术中透视的放射量。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

3D打印技术术前预设计在老年性腰椎管狭窄症手术中的运用

目的 观察术前3D打印预设计在显微镜辅助老年性腰椎管狭窄症微创非融合手术中的运用效果。方法 选取2020年6月至2021年12月莆田学院附属医院微创脊柱外科的82例老年性腰椎管狭窄症患者作为研究对象,采用区组随机方法将纳入研究的患者分为A组和B组,每组各41例。两组均在显微镜辅助微创固定通道下行腰椎椎管减压手术,A组采用术前3D打印腰椎模型评估进行预手术,确定手术入路的穿刺点和工作通道的方向及其倾斜角度,精准定位预设计,在术中参考术前3D打印模型。B组根据术前阅片,结合手术经验常规行椎间孔镜手术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分比较术后1、2周患者疼痛程度,术后3、6个月后比较患者Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及其改善指数。结果 两组的手术时间、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组的术中出血量少于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组术后1、2周的VAS评分均低于本组术前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,A组术后3、6个月的单项能力评分、个人综合能力评分、ODI评分均低于B组,差异有统计学...     

3D打印导航模块辅助腰椎弓根螺钉数字化置入的实验精度

目的:探讨3D打印导航模块技术辅助下实施腰椎椎弓根螺钉置人数字化设计的实验精度及准确度的评价方法,探讨影响准确度的关键技术。方法:14具成人尸体腰椎标本,经过薄层CT扫描,三维编辑分离椎骨,按照钉道对称原则设计钉道,根据骨面可剥离范围设计具有定位面及稳定面的导航模块,高精度3D打印导航模块,在尸体标本上实施导航模块辅助下腰椎椎弓根螺钉置入。术后腰椎与术前设计进行三维配准,采集术前设计以及术后螺钉的钉道的进、出钉点三维坐标值,以其差值的绝对值为实验精度指标,统计不同等级精度下的合格钉点,设计组和手术组进行卡方检验。结果:128根腰椎椎弓根螺钉无1例穿出骨质外。进钉点X、Y、Z轴精度分别为0.60 mm±0.44 mm、0.66 mm±0.64 mm及0.48 mm±0.36 mm,出钉点则为1.13 mm±0.82 mm、0.51 mm±0.44 mm及0.67 mm±0.62 mm。结论:腰椎椎弓根螺钉数字化置入的精度可用术前设计和术后的进、出钉点的三维坐标值的差值绝对值衡量,实施的准确度可以用不同等级精度评判;根据骨面可剥离范围设计具有定位面以及稳定面的卡位模块,可实现术中唯一卡位位置;钉道对称是手术设计及实施都要遵循的原则。     

3-D打印技术辅助胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内翻畸形骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨3-D打印技术辅助胫骨高位截骨术(high tibial osteotomy,HTO)治疗膝内翻畸形骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 2014年1月-2015年6月,收治伴内翻畸形的膝关节骨关节炎患者16例(20膝)。其中男6例,女10例;年龄30~60岁,平均45.5岁。病程1~10年,平均6.2年。单膝12例,双膝4例。骨关节炎按照Koshino分级标准:Ⅰ级3膝,Ⅱ级7膝,Ⅲ级8膝,Ⅳ级2膝。术前美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分为(63.8±2.2)分;股胫角(femorotibial angle,FTA)为(184.8±2.9)°,髌骨高度Insall-Salvati指数(IS指数)为1.03±0.13。术前于Mimics软件中设计并3-D打印截骨导航模板,术中于模板辅助下行闭合楔形HTO后锁定钢板内固定。结果患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、骨筋膜间室综合征、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。16例均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均12.6个月。1例(1膝)术后出现腓神经麻痹症状,经对症处理后症状缓解。X线片复查示,截骨处均骨性愈合,愈合时间2.7~3.4个月,平均2.9个月。术后6个月,FTA为(173.8±2.0)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=11.70,P=0.00);髌骨高度IS指数为1.04±0.12,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=—0.20,P=0.85);膝关节HSS评分为(88.9±3.1)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=—25.44,P=0.00)。末次随访时,根据HSS评分标准评定疗效:优13膝,良6膝,可1膝,优良率为95%。结论 HTO治疗膝内翻畸形骨关节炎时,3-D打印截骨导航模板可精确辅助术中胫骨高位截骨,避免反复透视和多次截骨,可获得满意临床疗效。     

基于数字化设计和3D打印胫骨近端骨折内固定的关键技术

BACKGROUND: Preliminary experiments have performed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of proximal tibial fractures, digital steel plate design, the establishment of the proximal tibia plate standard parts library and the operation simulation of 3D printing.     

3D打印模块辅助腰椎弓根微创置钉：自身对照、开放性、2年随访临床试验方案

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation is an effective treatment for thoracolumbar diseases, but skilled operations are required during the internal fixation. If inaccurate implantation occurs, adverse reactions will appear postoperatively; for example, the implanted screw will fall off. 3D printing can manufacture a suitable implant for a patient, accurately simulate the repair process, and reduce the difficulty and complexity of the operation, aiming to produce an implant that is most suitable for repair surgery.     

手术室强化保温护理对股骨颈骨折患者机体应激反应及凝血功能的影响

目的 探究股骨颈骨折患者采用手术室强化保温护理对其应激反应、凝血功能的影响。方法 选取2020年4月至2022年3月于莆田学院附属医院就诊的82例股骨颈骨折患者，随机分为两组，各41例。对照组采取常规手术室保温护理，观察组采取手术室强化保温护理。比较两组术中低体温发生率及手术前、手术结束时的应激反应、凝血功能。结果 观察组术中低体温发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）；手术结束时，两组心率、收缩压、舒张压低于手术前，且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）；手术结束时，观察组活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平、凝血酶原时间（PT）、血浆凝血酶时间（TT）与术前比较，差异无统计意义（P>0.05）；手术结束时，对照组APTT、PT、TI、FIB水平较术前均有显著差异，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；手术结束时，观察组APTT、PT、TT高于对照组，FIB水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 股骨颈骨折患者采用手术室强化保温护理可降低术中低体温发生率，减轻应激反应，对凝血功能影响较小。