Return of fertility following discontinuation of an injectable contraceptive — Norethisterone oenanthate (NET EN) 200mg dose

The return of fertility following discontinuation of norethisterone oenanthate (NET EN) 200 mg injectable contraceptive after use for a minimum period of six months or more was studied in 69 women who discontinued the method for planning pregnancy. Former users of copper intra-uterine device (CuT 200) were enrolled as a control group. Another 161 women who had discontinued NET EN due to other reasons (e.g. amenorrhoea, excessive bleeding or personal reasons) were also studied for return of fertility after ensuring that they were not using any other method of contraception and were exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The subjects from both groups were followed for a period of one year. The cumulative conception rates at one year were 72.5 and 83.6 per 100 subjects for ex-NET EN and ex-CuT 200 users who had discontinued the method for planning pregnancy and this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The median time for conception for ex-NET EN users was 7.8 months as compared to 3.7 months in ex-CuT 200 users but the cumulative conception rates at the end of one year show that future return of fertility in NET EN users does not appear to be adversely affected.

In 51 subjects who had discontinued NET EN due to amenorrhoea, the return of fertility was predictably slower and less. The return of fertility in subjects who discontinued NET EN for other reasons (e.g. excessive bleeding and other personal reasons) was similar to ex-NET EN and ex-CuT 200 users.     

网络化人类精子库管理信息系统的建立与应用

目的 :建立网络化人类精子库管理信息系统。　方法 :用SQLServer2 0 0 0和PowerBuilder 8.0开发人类精子库管理信息系统。　结果 :系统形成了档案管理、体检与检查管理、检验与冷冻管理、供应与随访管理 4个模块 ,系统以远程传输与实时监控的方法控制和管理供应点。　结论 :本系统具有数据容量大、安全性能好、保密性能强 ,具有远程传输与实时监控功能     

抗氧化性维生素与男性生殖

生殖系统内过多的活性氧 (ROS)产生可导致精子膜脂质过氧化损伤 ,而抗氧化性维生素对于清除ROS 避免精子脂质过氧化损伤具有一定保护作用。本文就抗氧化性维生素在男性生殖中的作用及其在男性不育治疗等方面进行了综述     

男性不育患者精浆尿酸的检测及临床意义初探

目的 :检测男性不育患者精浆尿酸的含量 ,并探讨其与不育的关系。　方法 :2 0 0 3年 2～ 8月就诊的男性不育患者 1 6 3例 ,分为 4组 :梗阻性无精子症组 ,1 5例 ;非梗阻性无精子症组 ,36例 ;少精子症组 ,4 3例 ;弱精子症组 ,6 9例。 2 0例正常生育男性为正常对照组。上述各组均作精液参数分析及精浆尿酸含量的测定。　结果 :正常对照组精浆尿酸含量为 (396 .9± 5 3.1 ) μmol/L ,显著高于梗阻性无精子症组 [(79.5± 1 8.1 ) μmol/L]、非梗阻性无精子症组[(2 4 5 .8± 76 .5 ) μmol/L]、少精子症组 [(2 6 2 .2± 79.2 ) μmol/L]和弱精子症组 [(2 5 1 .4± 75 .4 ) μmol/L](P均 <0 .0 1 )。其中 ,梗阻性无精子症组精浆尿酸含量又显著低于其他各不育症组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,其余各不育症组间精浆尿酸含量差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :精浆中尿酸作为生殖系统中的一种重要抗氧化物 ,可能在男性生殖中具有一定意义。     

18-甲基炔诺酮抗家兔排卵作用机理的初步分析

本实验使用家兔诱导排卵动物模型,分别观察了消旋18-甲基炔诺酮和左旋18-甲基炔诺酮对于用铜盐、由PMSG和hCG以及由LH-RH诱导的家兔排卵的影响。实验分三组:一组于实验第1～3天皮下注射雌二醇(每只100μg/天),第4天经耳缘静脉注射1%醋酸酮(0.4ml/kg),24小时后处死并检查排卵点。二组于实验第1～2天皮下注射雌二醇,第4天皮下注射一次LH-RH(12.5μg/只),48小时后处死并观察和记数排卵点。三组于实验第2天皮下注射PMSG(12.5u),第4天经耳缘静脉注射50iuhCG,48小时后处死并检查排卵点。各组中的实验组于第1～4天肌肉注射消旋18-甲基炔诺酮或左旋18-甲基炔诺酮(每只8mg/天)对照组给予等量溶媒。结果表明,两种18-甲基炔诺酮皆明显抑制由铜盐诱导的家兔排卵,抗排卵率分别为83.3%和66.7%。然而,两者对于由LH-RH和由PMSG与hCG诱导的家兔排卵皆无明显影响。以上结果提示,消旋18-甲基炔诺酮和左旋18-甲基炔诺酮的抗排卵作用可能是通过干扰下丘脑LH-RH的释放而实现的,并非由于在垂体水平拮抗LH-RH的作用或在性腺水平上拮抗促性腺激素作用的结果。     

ESHRE PGD consortium best practice guidelines for organization of a PGD centre for PGD/preimplantation genetic screening

In 2005, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) PGD Consortium published a set of Guidelines for Best Practice PGD to give information, support and guidance to potential, existing and fledgling PGD programmes. Subsequent years have seen the introduction of new technologies as well as the evolution of current techniques. Additionally, in light of recent advice from ESHRE on how practice guidelines should be written/formulated, the Consortium believed it was timely to update the PGD guidelines. Rather than one document that covers all of PGD, the new guidelines are separated into four documents, including one relating to organization of the PGD centre and three relating to the methods used: DNA amplification, fluorescence in situ hybridization and biopsy/embryology. Here, we have updated the sections on organization of the PGD centre. One area that has continued to expand is Transport PGD, in which patients are treated at one IVF centre, whereas their gametes/embryos are tested elsewhere, at an independent PGD centre. Transport PGD/preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) has a unique set of challenges with respect to the nature of the sample and the rapid turn-around time required. PGS is currently controversial. Opinions of laboratory specialists and clinicians interested in PGD and PGS have been taken into account here. Current evidence suggests that PGS at cleavage stages is ineffective, but whether PGS at the blastocyst stage or on polar bodies might show improved delivery rates is still unclear. Thus, in this revision, PGS has been included. This document should assist everyone interested in PGD/PGS in developing the best laboratory and clinical practice possible.     

精子蛋白SP22研究进展

精子蛋白SP22是一种与多种疾病相关并广泛表达于各种组织的多功能蛋白。SP22定位于精子表面,具有酶活性,能够辅助精子穿入卵子,在ras因子共同作用下具有致癌活性。各物种中SP22高度保守,说明它对生命的重要性。目前对SP22与男性不育、帕金森病的关系研究较多。本文综述了SP22在基因结构、蛋白结构、功能特性等方面的最新研究进展。     

低强度微波辐射环境对男性生殖健康的影响

目的　了解低强度微波作业环境对男性生殖及其子代健康的影响。方法　采用面对面问卷调查方式对已婚的 4 2 4名雷达作业人员 (实验组 )、2 0 4名对照组人员进行现场调查。结果　实验组性功能减退发生率为 2 3 8% ,对照组为 14 7% ,两组相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。实验组婚后半年、1年自然受孕率分别为 13 8%、39 8% ,对照组分别为 31 3%、4 9 6 %。婚后 2年、3年后自然受孕率 ,实验组为 30 4 %、12 5 % ,对照组为 10 9%、6 1% ,组间差异显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。两组人员生殖结局及子代性别比例未见异常。结论　长期低强度微波辐射对男性性功能有不良影响 ,导致女性自然受孕时间滞后 ,但对妊娠结局及子代健康无明显影响。     

四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形机制研究

目的 :报告 1例四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形并讨论其发病机制。　方法 :对 1例外生殖器模糊的患者外周血的淋巴细胞、经培养的皮肤成纤维细胞、两种不同性腺组织的成纤维细胞进行染色体核型分析 ,同时用X和Y染色体探针进行双色荧光原位杂交 (FISH) ;对患者红细胞血型、人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)和 77个短重复序列 (STR)微卫星标记进行检测 ;对患者性腺的 2种不同组织进行组织病理学检查 ;同时对患者的父母进行红细胞血型、HLA和STR检测。　结果 :患者外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞、呈白色和黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞染色体核型均为 4 6 ,XX/ 4 6 ,XY ;FISH检测所有细胞都显示了XX或XY的杂交信号。 4 6 ,XY的核型在外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞和白色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势 ;4 6 ,XX的核型在黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势。外周血淋巴细胞及 3种不同组织培养物的STR位点检测、ABO血型分析和HLA检测都显示有 2个不同的单倍体来自父亲 ,1个单倍体来自母亲。组织病理学检查患者同一性腺上有两种不同组织 ,呈白色的组织是睾丸 ,呈黄色的组织是卵巢。　结论 :性腺组织病理学检查、染色体核型分析、FISH是鉴定真两性畸形患者的有效方法 ,红细胞血型、HLA和STR可为鉴定四配子异源嵌合体提供?     

刃天青还原分析法在用接收器特性法评估雄猪精液中的诊断意义

目的:确定精子代谢状态可以作为一个有用的精液质量分析工具。方法:用接收器特性法(ROC)评估刃天青还原法联合分光光度计法的精确度。结果:活动精子密度和精子指数(SI)(精子密度×精子活力百分比的平方根×形态正常精子百分比)的 ROC 曲线下面积为0.992。参考 SI 值,采集到的精液样本的质量高低区分点的吸光度为0.209(610nm 波长),该点的敏感性和特异性值分别为94.1%和91.7%。如果以活动精子密度为标准值,这种分析方法的精确度就会降低,敏感性和特异性值分别为88.2%和87.5%。似然比(LR)表明在质量良好的精液样本中测得的吸光度低于0.209,至少相当于在质量不佳的精液样本中测得的数值的11.3倍,但是就活动精子密度而言,计算出的 LR 值为7.06。结论:本研究结果表明刃天青还原分析法联合分光光度计法是一种精确的评估雄猪精液质量的方法。