全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1010篇 |
免费 | 77篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 76篇 |
妇产科学 | 40篇 |
基础医学 | 95篇 |
口腔科学 | 46篇 |
临床医学 | 73篇 |
内科学 | 225篇 |
皮肤病学 | 28篇 |
神经病学 | 137篇 |
特种医学 | 44篇 |
外科学 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 38篇 |
眼科学 | 38篇 |
药学 | 96篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 63篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 61篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 52篇 |
2007年 | 65篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 45篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1089条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
LEE JS IM HH JUNG Y JUNG IS JANG JY CHUN YK CHO YD KIM JO CHO JY KIM YS SHIM CS & KIM BS 《Neurogastroenterology and motility》2006,18(6):493-494
Background: Recent development of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation (ECMS) which uses current‐changing magnetic fields allows the induction of electrical stimulation in the desired deep tissue. Recent study showed the sacral nerve stimulation reduces corticoanal excitability that may play a functional role in anal continence mechanisms. Preliminary study shows that ECMS of sacral nerve can modify pelvic floor function and expel rectal balloon in patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD). Aims: To evaluate the effect of ECMS compared with biofeedback therapy (BF) in patients with PFD. Methods and Materials: Thirty‐eight patients who fulfilled Rome II criteria for PFD by colon transit time and anorectal function tests, were randomly treated with 8 sessions of ECMS (2/weeks; n = 19) at prone position or BF (2/weeks; n = 19) at sitting position. Stimulation parameters were set at 50–80% of maximum intensity, 10 and 50 Hz frequency, 3 s burst length with 3 and 6 s off using arm‐typed stimulator (BioCom‐1000, Mcube Co., Korea). Symptom scores for constipation with/without anorectal function test were repeatedly measured after each treatment. Response was defined as 50% or more decreased symptom score after treatment (partial response: 30–50%, poor: <30%). Results: Fifteen patients (age 49.1 ± 13.4 years, mean ± SD; 4 men) completed 8 session of BF and 14 patients (54.5 ± 17.6 years, 3 men) completed 8 session of ECMS. Four patients of BF group discontinued treatment due to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect (n = 1) and withdrew consent (n = 3) and 5 patients of ECMS group discontinued treatment because of same reasons (n = 1, 4). Total symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment of 8 session in both treatment groups (13.4 ± 6.6 vs. 4.3 ± 4.0 for BF, p = 0.009; 14.9 ± 5.6 vs. 3.4 ± 4.0 for ECMS, p < 0.001). Bowel movements per week were also significantly increased after treatment in both groups (median 2 vs. 7 for BF, p = 0.035; median 2 vs. 7 for ECMS, p = 0.008). Thirteen out of 15 patients showed response in BF group and 12 out of 14 showed good response in ECMS group. No adverse effects in both groups. Conclusions: ECMS is as effective as BF for the treatment of PFD. Long‐term effect of ECMS for the patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia need to be evaluated in the near future. 相似文献
3.
N. I. Triantafyllou K. Voumvourakis I. Zalonis K. Sfagos V. Mantouvalos S. Malliara C. Papageorgiou 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1992,85(1):10-13
Auditory event-related potentials (AERP) were elicited in 47 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) and 24 age-matched controls. MS patients had significantly prolonged N2 and P3 latencies as well as low P3 amplitude compared with controls. Seven of them exceeded 3 standard deviations from the control mean values. The observed N2 and P3 alterations are associated with the patients' disability status as it is defined by the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS), but are not related to the duration of the disease. A possible cognitive decline as reflected in the observed AERP components alterations in MS patients is subsequently discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
T Economopoulos E Papageorgiou N Stathakis N Asprou P Karmas J Dervenoulas H Bouronikou G Chalevelakis S Raptis 《European journal of haematology》1992,49(3):138-142
In a phase II study, 21 patients with MDS (RAEB, RAEBt, CMML and RA and RAS with severe cytopenia) were randomized to be treated with 3 courses of GM-CSF (3 micrograms/kg/day s.c.) alone (11 patients) or in combination with AraC (20 mg/m2/d s.c.) (10 patients) for 14-d periods, interrupted by 14-d rest periods. Eight patients discontinued the treatment. In the GM-CSF group a marked increase in WBC and neutrophil counts during each course of treatment administration were seen in most patients. Platelet counts decreased in 14 of 24 courses of treatment in the GM-CSF plus AraC group but in none of the GM-CSF group. Although the changes in the circulating blood cells were transient and the counts tended to return to the pretreatment levels during the rest periods, some more durable effects were seen. In 3/6 patients of the GM-CSF group who completed the designed treatment, both WBC and neutrophils remained elevated above the pretreatment levels throughout the 3-month period of treatment, while in one of them thrombocytopenia improved considerably. In the GM-CSF plus AraC group, 4 out of the 7 patients who completed the treatment showed an improvement of neutropenia as well as anaemia. In these 4 patients the BM percentage of blasts was also decreased. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that GM-CSF given intermittently improves leukopenia in some patients with MDS. In addition, the administration of GM-CSF seems to prevent granulocytopenia of concurrent AraC treatment and may be of benefit in the treatment of these diseases. 相似文献
6.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether general practitioner GP hospitals,
compared with alternative modes of health care, are cost- saving. METHODS:
Based on a study of admissions (n = 415) to fifteen GP hospitals in the
Finnmark county of Norway during 8 weeks in 1992, a full 1-year patient
throughput in GP hospitals was estimated. The alternative modes of care
(general hospital, nursing home or home care) were based on assessments by
the GPs handling the individual patients. The funds transferred to finance
GP hospitals were taken as the cost of GP hospitals, while the cost of
alternative care was based on municipality and hospital accounts, and
standard charges for patient transport. RESULTS: The estimated total annual
operating cost of GP hospitals was 32.2 million NOK (10 NOK = 1 Pound)
while the cost of alternative care was in total 35.9 million NOK.
Sensitivity analyses, under a range of assumptions, indicate that GP care
in hospitals incurs the lowest costs to society. CONCLUSION: GP hospitals
are likely to provide health care at lower costs than alternative modes of
care.
相似文献
7.
IS Park H Kiyomoto F Alvarez YC Xu HE Abboud SL Abboud 《American journal of kidney diseases》1998,32(6):1000-1010
The renal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal hypertrophy, altered hemodynamics, and extracellular matrix expansion associated with early diabetes. The relative abundance of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the renal microenvironment may modulate IGF-I actions. However, the precise IGFBPs expressed in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments during diabetic renal growth have not been characterized. In the present study, in situ hybridization studies were performed to examine the expression of IGFBP-1 to -6 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) 3, 7, and 14 days after streptozotocin (STZ) injection in rats. In control, nondiabetic kidneys, all six IGFBP mRNAs were differentially expressed with a predominance of IGFBP-5. The onset of renal hypertrophy in STZ-induced diabetes was associated with a rapid and site-specific induction of IGFBP-1, -3, and -5 mRNAs. In contrast, basal expression of IGFBP-2, -4, and -6 mRNAs was not altered in diabetic rats. IGFBP-5 mRNA expression increased in diabetic glomeruli, cortical, and inner medullary peritubular interstitial cells at days 3, 7, and 14. Although normal glomeruli failed to express IGFBP-3, it was induced concomitantly with IGFBP-5 in diabetic glomeruli and cortical peritubular interstitial cells. IGFBP-1 mRNA levels also increased in cortical tubular cells at each time point tested. Peak induction of IGFBP-3 and -5 was observed at day 3, whereas IGFBP-1 was delayed until day 7. IGFBP-1, -3, and -5 mRNA levels declined by day 14, but remained persistently elevated above control. By immunoperoxidase staining, similar alterations in the pattern of IGFBP-3 and -5 protein expression were observed at each time point. The preferential and site-specific increase in IGFBP-1, -3, and -5 suggest that these IGFBPs may regulate the local autocrine and/or paracrine actions of IGF-I and contribute to the pathogenesis of the early manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
8.
The essential oils from 9 populations of MENTHA LONGIFOLIA (L.) L., ssp. LONGIFOLIA and ssp. PETIOLATA (Boiss.) Kokkini, growing wild in Greece, were investigated by means of GLC and GLC-MS. Piperitone oxide has been found as the main component in the essential oils of both subspecies while carvone only in some individuals of ssp. PETIOLATA (chemotype 2). 相似文献
9.
Panagiota Lambrou Eleftherios Zervas Erasmia Oikonomidou Niki Papageorgiou Manos Alchanatis Mina Gaga 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》2007,98(6):567-572
BACKGROUND: Asthma and rhinitis often coexist, and there is evidence to suggest that they have similar histopathologic features. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the inflammatory infiltration in the nasal mucosa in rhinitis is affected by the presence of asthma and allergy. METHODS: Nasal mucosa biopsy samples were collected from 44 individuals: 18 with rhinitis and asthma (9 allergic and 9 nonallergic), 16 with rhinitis and no asthma (8 allergic and 8 nonallergic), and 10 nonallergic control subjects. The alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method was applied to 6-microm-thick cryostat sections using monoclonal antibodies against T cells (CD4 and CD8) and eosinophils (EG2). Slides were counted blindly, and results are expressed as cells per high-power field. RESULTS: Eosinophil counts were higher in the nasal mucosa of rhinitic patients vs controls. No differences in cellular infiltration were detected between rhinitic patients with and without asthma or between allergic and nonallergic patients. A trend toward higher CD4+ T-cell counts in the nasal mucosa of rhinitic patients was observed, whereas no differences were noted in CD8+ T-cell infiltration among the groups. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory infiltration, characterized by the presence of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, was similar in the nasal mucosa in noninfectious rhinitis irrespective of the presence of asthma or the allergic status of the patient. 相似文献
10.
Zorn Jean-Rene; Barata Madalena; Brami Charles; Epelboin Sylvie; Nathan Catherine; Papageorgiou Georges; Quantin Patrice; Rolet Francois; Savale Michele; Boyer Pierre; Guichard Arlette; Cedard Lise; Comaru-Schally Anna-Maria; Schally Andrew V. 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1988,3(2):235-239
In women undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(TVF-ET), a total of 408IVF cycles were stimulated using humanmenopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) or pure follicle stimulatinghormone (FSH) plus HMG in combination with a single injectionof D-Trp6-LHRH microcapsules in order to enhance the ovarianresponse to gonadotrophins and to avoid spontaneous LH surges.Sixty-seven pregnancies were achieved. Two protocols were employed.In protocol 1 (blocking protocol, n = 268), thepituitary was first inhibited with a full dose (3.75 mg) ofD-Trp6-LHRH in microcapsules and ovarian stimulation was startedafter the hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal state was ascertained(Ej >50 pg/ml). In protocol 2 (flareup protocol,n = 140), the treatment with DTrp6LHRH microcapsules(half-dose = 1.80 mg) and the ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophinswere started at the same time. Higher doses of gonadotrophinswere needed (39.5 11.2 ampoules FSH and/or HMG) in protocol1, in which the pituitary was blocked prior to and during thestimulation, than in protocol 2 (209 ampoules) where the exogenousgonadotrophin stimulation appeared to be augmented by the initialagonistic effect of the injection of D-Trp6LHRH microcapsules.In patients with purely tubal infertility, under 38 years oldand no male factor, the results obtained with protocols 1 and2 were similar in terms of pregnancy rate per cycle or per embryotransfer: 22.6 versus 20.5% and 28.3 versus 27.4%, respectively.However, considering the cost benefit, flare-upprotocols appeared to be a better choice and could be recommended. 相似文献