Ethyl lactate as a potential green solvent to extract hydrophilic (polar) and lipophilic (non-polar) phytonutrients simultaneously from fruit and vegetable by-products

Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed.     

指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

小血管套叠粘接吻合法在血液透析者中建立动静脉内瘘的应用

慢性肾病患者常需要建立动静脉内瘘进行透析，常规间断缝合法吻合动静脉难度大、耗时长。为了缩短吻合时间，提高远期通畅率，进行了套叠粘接吻合法建立动静脉内瘘的实验研究，并将这一方法应用于透析患者建立动静脉内瘘的血管吻合。将动脉端套入静脉端，只需吻合两针，用医用胶封闭吻合口。经８个月观察，通畅率达１００％，血流量均超过３００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。达到了透析需要。     

2-甲酰(乙酰)取代喹啉缩氨基硫脲的合成

缩氨基硫脲类化合物有抗肿瘤、抗病毒和抗菌等多种药理活性。Barret等首次报道了乙二醛二缩氨基硫脲(Ⅰ)的抗疟活性。Klayman等研究了缩     

Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in premature rupture of the membranes

In 79 hospitalized patients in delivery, the search for U. urealyticum was carried out at the level of the vagina, the rim of the placenta, the edge of the PRM orifice and in the throats of newborns, 3 groups were formed: group I: 38 term patients delivering after ARM, group II: 36 patients delivering after 28 weeks, with PRM group III: 5 patients with premature delivery without PRM. The results demonstrate: a highly significant correlation between the women with PRM and those who have a positive vaginal sample; a highly significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the membranes; a significant correlation between women with PRM and those who have a positive sample on the placenta. The search for ureaplasma would be carried out in case of PRM.     

静脉内毒瘾者HIV感染的转归及影响因素

对ＨＣＶ血清标记阳性的静脉内毒瘤者进行半年和１５个月随访，并调查影响转归的部分因素。结果显示，静脉内毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ自然转阴率分别为１１．０／和３３．３％。单因素和多因素分析均提示转阴率以婚姻状况良好的已婚者较离婚者高、人均年收入高者较低者高，说明婚姻状况和人们的经济水平对毒瘾者抗－ＨＣＶ转阴有一定的影响。     

同种异体半关节移植治疗股骨远端肿瘤

目的 对大段异体骨移植用于骨肿瘤保肢治疗及其相关问题进行分析讨论。方法采用大段异体骨修复骨肿瘤瘤段切除后骨缺损5例，术后X线及同位素骨扫描评定骨愈合，并评估其功能恢复情况。结果手术后3—6个月在X线片显示牢固的生物固定（坚强的外骨痂或已骨性连接）、^99mTc—MDP骨扫描图像显示异体骨早期代谢活跃，2年后逐渐恢复正常。结论 同种异体骨半关节移植治疗股骨远端肿瘤术后观察移植骨与自体骨愈合，关节功能重建方面到达良好表现。     

实验性肝纤维化胶原变化的研究

目的：研究肝纤维化过程中胶原成分的变化规律。方法：制作四氯化碳肝纤维化模型，测定肝组织羟脯氨酸含量，用ＶＧ、ＲＦ染色显示Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原并进行计算机图像分析，放免法测定肝匀浆及血清Ⅲ型前胶原水平，应用上述指标反映肝纤维化过程中胶原的变化规律。结果：随实验时间延长，肝内胶原含量逐渐增加。肝纤维化早、中期以Ⅲ型胶原增生为主，肝纤维化后期及肝硬化期以Ⅰ期胶原为增生为主。血清ＰＣⅢ与肝内胶原变化基本同步。结论