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排序方式: 共有542条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Mani N Pavuluri Megan Marlow O'Connor Erin M Harral Melissa Moss John A Sweeney 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2006,60(9):951-956
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that academic and neuropsychological functions are compromised in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Investigation of the degree to which neuropsychological deficits might contribute to those academic problems is needed to aid in the recognition and intervention for school achievement difficulties in PBD. METHODS: A sample of 55 children and adolescents with PBD with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (PBD group, n = 28; PBD+ADHD group, n = 27) were tested with a computerized neurocognitive battery and standardized neuropsychological tests. Age range of subjects was 7-17 years, with the mean age of 11.97 (3.18) years. Parents completed a structured questionnaire on school and academic functioning. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that executive function, attention, working memory, and verbal memory scores were poorer in those with a history of reading/writing difficulties. A separate logistic regression analysis found that attentional dysfunction predicted math difficulties. These relationships between neuropsychological function and academic difficulties were not different in those with PBD+ADHD than in those with PBD alone. CONCLUSIONS: In PBD neuropsychological deficits in the areas of attention, working memory, and organization/problem solving skills all contribute to academic difficulties. Early identification and intervention for these difficulties might help prevent lower academic achievement in PBD. 相似文献
2.
Mani N Pavuluri Megan Marlow O'Connor Erin Harral John A Sweeney 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(2):158-167
BACKGROUND: Facial emotions are central to human interaction. Identifying pathophysiology in affect processing circuitry that supports the ability to assess facial emotions might facilitate understanding of affect regulation in pediatric bipolar disorder. METHODS: Ten euthymic, unmedicated pediatric bipolar patients and 10 healthy control subjects matched for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and IQ were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Angry, happy, and neutral faces were presented in 30-sec blocks, with a 20-sec rest period between blocks. Subjects were asked to press a button when each face appeared, to ensure that attention was maintained on-task. RESULTS: In bipolar patients, in response to both angry and happy faces relative to neutral faces, we observed reduced activation of right rostral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex together with increased activity in right pregenual anterior cingulate, amygdala, and paralimbic cortex. Bipolar patients also showed reduced activation of visual areas in occipital cortex together with greater activation in higher-order visual perceptual areas, including superior temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus with angry faces and posterior parietal cortex with happy faces. CONCLUSIONS: Findings document a disturbance in affective neurocircuitry in pediatric bipolar disorder. Reduced activation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex might reflect diminished top-down control that leads to the observed exaggerated activation in amygdala and paralimbic areas. Changes in occipital areas might represent an effort to gate sensory input when affective responses to the faces could not be successfully modulated. Disturbances in affect processing circuitry could contribute to emotional dysregulation and social cognitive difficulties in bipolar youth. 相似文献
3.
The effect of oral dosing of xamoterol on systolic time intervals in man and xamoterol plasma concentrations in heart failure patients. 下载免费PDF全文
M A James M Papouchado K S Channer J V Jones H F Marlow W Bastain N P Barker J D Harry A G Wardleworth 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》1990,29(4):447-453
1. Six healthy male human volunteers of mean age 30.8 years (range 23-37) were given single oral doses of xamoterol (20, 50, 100 or 250 mg) and placebo with a 1 week interval between each dose. Xamoterol produced a significant decrease in systolic time intervals (QS2I, LVETI and PEPI) and a significant increase in systolic blood pressure indicating a positive inotropic effect on the heart at rest. The changes in QS2I were dose-related. Maximum decreases in QS2I were noted 1 to 2 h after dosing and were achieved with a dose of 100 mg. 2. In a second study, oral administration of xamoterol at 3 doses (100, 200 or 300 mg) and placebo were studied in 12 patients of mean age 60.4 years (range 52-73) with mild to moderate heart failure. Each dose was given twice daily for 7 days in a random order. Each dose of xamoterol produced a significant decrease in systolic time intervals indicating a positive inotropic effect on the heart at rest in patients with heart failure. It was not possible to distinguish between the effects of the three doses of xamoterol. 3. In heart failure patients, peak plasma concentrations of xamoterol occurred 1 to 2 h after dosing at all dosage levels and there was a linear relationship between dose and plasma concentration. 4. In both studies xamoterol was well tolerated and only minor adverse experiences were reported. 5. We conclude that, at rest, xamoterol has a positive inotropic effect on the heart when given orally to healthy volunteers or patients with mild to moderate heart failure. 相似文献
4.
The future sponsorship of CME in Canada: Industry, government, physicians or a blend? 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Bernard Marlow 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2004,171(2):150-151
5.
C E Steele R Marlow J Turton R M Hicks 《British journal of experimental pathology》1987,68(2):215-223
Mid-gestation rat conceptuses were cultured for 48 h in serum containing the retinoids all-trans-retinoic acid (TRA), 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-CRA), etretinate (ETR), etretin or one of six retinamides at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 400 micrograms/ml. TRA was toxic at a concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml. 13-CRA and etretin caused abnormal development at 1.0 microgram/ml. However, the six retinamides were less toxic and adverse developmental effects were only evident at concentrations of 50 or 100 micrograms/ml. ETR was without effect at 100 micrograms/ml, the highest dose level of this compound tested. In vivo, TRA, 13-CRA and ETR are highly teratogenic. In this culture system, TRA and 13-CRA caused abnormal development at very low concentrations but in contrast, ETR was non-toxic at 100 micrograms/ml. Therefore these findings indicate that in vivo, maternal pharmacokinetics, and bioactivation in particular, play a major role in inducing abnormal development. Cis/trans isomerization was not a major determinant of toxicity. However, there appeared to be a relationship between abnormal development and the actual or estimated pKa values of the 10 retinoids tested. 相似文献
6.
Dr. James G. Jarvis Aaron Marlow Louis J. Lawton William M. J. McIntyre 《Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie》1998,10(2):117-124
Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel überdachung des Femurkopfes bei Hüftgelenkdysplasie.
Indikationen Dysplastisches Acetabulum bei Patienten mit neuromuskul?ren und nichtneuromuskul?ren Erkrankungen.
übergro?es, flaches Acetabulum.
Fehlen einer lateralen und kranialen überdachung.
Kontraindikationen Y-Fuge geschlossen, Wachstum abgeschlossen.
Stark verformter Femurkopf.
Operationstechnik Modifizierter Zugang nach Salter/Smith-Petersen. Freilegung und Teilung der Apophyse des Beckenkammes mit einem Messer. Freilegung
der Darmbeinschaufel. Osteotomie der ?u?eren Wand des Iliums; sie wird vorsichtig mit Hilfe eines gebogenen mei?els nach unten
gebogen und in dieser Stellung durch Einsetzen von trikortikalen Beckenkammsp?nen gehalten. Eine Osteosynthese ist nicht notwendig.
Becken-Bein-Gipsverband mit Einschlu? des gegenseitigen Oberschenkels für sechs Wochen.
Ergebnisse Zwischen 1987 und 1997 wurden 26 Hüften von 23 Patienten operiert. überwiegend handelte es sich um Kinder mit spastischen
Paresen. Folgende zus?tzliche Eingriffe wurden vorgenommen: Offene Reposition zehnmal, Femurosteotomie 18mal und Tenotomien
sowie Muskelabl?sungen 15mal. Der Durchschnittswert des azetabul?ren Index verbesserte sich von 32° auf 22°, der durchschnittliche
Wert des Kopfzentrum-Pfannenrand-Winkels von −25° auf 22° und der durchschnittliche Migrationsindex von 62% auf 69%. Als Komplikationen
wurden beobachtet: eine erneute Subluxation, ein frühzeitiger Verschlu? des Y-Knorpels, eine Fraktur des anderen Femur, einmal
heterotope Ossifikationen und einmal eine Infektion der Harnwege. 相似文献
7.
W. Bastain M. J. Boyce L. E. Stafford P. B. Morton D. A. Clarke H. F. Marlow 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1988,34(5):469-473
Summary The pharmacokinetics of xamoterol, a -adrenoceptor partial agonist under clinical evaluation for the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure, have been studied in 12 healthy male subjects. They received 14 mg i.v. and oral doses of 50 and 200 mg as a tablet and 200 mg as a solution in a 4 way cross-over design.After i.v. dosing the elimination half-life was 7.7 h, the total body clearance was 224 ml·min–1 and the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) was 48 l. Sixty-two percent of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine. After oral doses, the absolute bioavailability of xamoterol was shown to be 5% irrespective of whether the dose was administered as a tablet or solution. Peak plasma concentrations occurred at about 2 h for the tablet dose and slightly earlier (1.4 h) for the solution. Peak plasma concentration, AUC and urinary recovery of unchanged drug increased in proportion to dose. The apparent elimination half-life after oral doses (16 h) was significantly longer than that observed after an intravenous dose.Despite the low bioavailability, the degree of inter-subject variability of oral bioavailability was small probably indicating that the controlling factor is the hydrophilic nature of the molecule rather than extensive first pass metabolism or poor dissolution of xamoterol from the tablet formulation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Continuing medical education for life: eight principles. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S Abrahamson J Baron A S Elstein W P Hammond G B Holzman B Marlow M S Taggart J Schulkin 《Academic medicine》1999,74(12):1288-1294
Continuing medical education (CME) is being pressured to change in response to increasing and changing educational needs of practicing physicians, fostered by technical innovations, evolution of practice styles, and the reorganization of health care delivery. Leadership in the reform of CME falls primarily to the medical specialty societies in light of their traditional responsibilities for accrediting CME and maintaining professional standards. To address the need for reform, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 1997 organized a conference to assemble CME program administrators from several medical specialties and academicians with expertise in postgraduate learning. At the conference, issues facing CME were examined. The authors, who were conference participants, state and explain eight principles that emerged from conference discussions. (For example: "Educational activities should be supportive of and coordinated with the transition to evidence-based medicine.") The principles reflect the interspecialty and interdisciplinary consensus achieved by the conference participants and can serve as useful guideposts for educators as they work to improve CME in their institutions. The authors conclude by noting the need for a more systematic and rigorously analytic approach, where CME content is determined according to assessed needs and CME is evaluated by measuring outcomes; for this to happen, CME educators and faculty must be brought up to date through training, including the use of problem-based learning. CME must also instill collegiality, interaction, and collaboration into the learning environment instead of being a solitary learning activity. Finally, CME must not only emphasize the acquisition of knowledge but also instruct physicians in the process of decision making to help them better use their knowledge as they make clinical judgments. 相似文献
10.
A K Marlow 《Journal of epidemiology and community health》1995,49(3):320-322
OBJECTIVE--To suggest an appropriate denominator for use with the statistic "potential years of life lost", in order to facilitate valid comparisons between health authorities. DESIGN--Analysis of OPCS population and mortality data for the period 1987-91. SETTING--Data for Wales were analysed to provide comparisons between the nine district health authorities. SUBJECTS--There were 46,139 males and 30,258 females--that is, all deaths of Welsh residents, aged under 75 years, during the period 1987-91. MAIN RESULTS--The use of age sensitive denominators with the potential years of life lost statistic alters the rank position of Welsh district health authorities. CONCLUSION--It is suggested that potential years of life lost should be expressed as a rate per 100,000 potential years of life in public health common data sets, and elsewhere, to facilitate valid comparisons between health authorities. 相似文献