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1.
SH Lee† CP Choi‡ HC Eun† OS Kwon† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(7):860-863
BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS: Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS: The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required. 相似文献
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Meg Sears C Robin Walker Richard HC van der Jagt Paul Claman 《Paediatrics & child health》2006,11(4):229-234
Pesticide regulation is examined in the context of Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency’s assessment of the chlorophenoxy herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for turf. 2,4-D is the most common herbicide used to kill weeds in grass.The medical literature does not uniformly indicate harms from herbicides. However, the balance of epidemiological research suggests that 2,4-D can be persuasively linked to cancers, neurological impairment and reproductive problems. These may arise from 2,4-D itself, from breakdown products or dioxin contamination, or from a combination of chemicals.Regulators rely largely on toxicology, but experiments may not replicate exposures from 2,4-D application to lawns because environmental breakdown products (eg, 2,4-dichlorophenol) may not accumulate and selected herbicides are possibly less contaminated. Dioxins are bioaccumulative chemicals that may cause cancer, harm neurological development, impair reproduction, disrupt the endocrine system and alter immune function. No dioxin analyses were submitted to the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, and the principal contaminants of 2,4-D are not among the 17 congeners covered in pesticide regulation. Independent assessment of all dioxins is needed, in tissues and in the environment.The 2,4-D assessment does not approach standards for ethics, rigour or transparency in medical research. Canada needs a stronger regulator for pesticides. Potentially toxic chemicals should not be registered when more benign solutions exist, risks are not clearly quantifiable or potential risks outweigh benefits. Until landscaping pesticides are curtailed nationally, local bylaws and Quebec’s Pesticide Code are prudent measures to protect public health. Physicians have a role in public education regarding pesticides. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate three subcutaneous injection sites for low-dose heparin therapy (5,000 units). One hundred and one subjects were randomly placed in one of three groups. Group A received injections in the abdomen, Group B, in the thigh, and Group C in the arm. Each subject received three injections at the one site. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was measured prior to initiation of heparin and again four hours after the first injection. Bruising was measured at 48, 60, and 72 hours postinjection. There were no statistically significant differences among groups for either changes in APTT or bruising at 60 and 72 hours postinjection. Thus the clinical practice of utilizing the abdomen as the only or preferred site for subcutaneous heparin injections was not supported. 相似文献
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This monograph reviews the literature regarding therapy for childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The role and mechanism of action are discussed for corticosteroids, splenectomy, and intravenous gamma globulin. Alternative therapies with potent immunosuppressive agents are also mentioned. Guidelines for the management of children with ITP are presented. 相似文献
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This study evaluated the performance of a synthetic implant material, Hard Tissue Replacement Polymer, for: (1) ease of handling, (2) compatibility with bone and soft tissue, (3) stability of augmentation over time, and (4) development of untoward effects. HTR (a registered trademark of HTR Sciences, a division of United States Surgical Corporation, Norwalk, CT 06856) was implanted into 34 patients by means of five different surgical procedures. The material was found to be easy to manipulate during surgery. Tissue and bone compatibility, defined as absence of inflammation, was present in 32/34 surgical sites (94%). In extraction sites during the 18-month follow-up, no measurable decrease in bone height or width was seen. One patient with a large periodontal endodontic defect developed a post-operative infection necessitating extraction of the tooth. No induction of bone was seen in response to placement of HTR material. 相似文献
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Comparative testicular toxicity of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether and 2-methoxyethanol in rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Male rats were exposed to 0, 110, 370, or 1100 ppm bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether (diglyme) 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. One group of male rats was exposed to 300 ppm 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) for 2 weeks as a positive control. Exposed rats were killed after 10 days of exposure and 14, 42, or 84 days post-exposure (PE), respectively. At 110 ppm diglyme, spermatocytes in pachytene and meiotic division at spermatogenic stages XII-XIV were mainly affected. At 370 ppm diglyme, affected germ cells were similar to those seen at 110 ppm diglyme, but round spermatids at spermatogenic stages I-VII were also affected. The testes regained normal spermatogenesis by 84 days PE. At 1100 ppm diglyme or 300 ppm 2-ME, marked testicular atrophy was found affecting all spermatogenic stages. Damaged seminiferous tubules were lined with regenerating pachytene spermatocytes at 14 days PE and with spermatocytes and round spermatids after 42 days PE. Most but not all testes in rats exposed to 300 ppm 2-ME or 1100 ppm diglyme had normal morphology after 84 days PE. Based on the observation of germ cell damage, spermatozoa population in the epidymal tubules, reversibility of spermatogenesis after various PE periods, testicular toxicity induced by 300 ppm 2-ME was more severe than that seen at 370 ppm diglyme but was slightly less remarkable than that of 1100 ppm diglyme. 相似文献