Gliomatosis peritonei

Gliomatosis peritonei, the miliary implants of mature glial tissues on the peritoneum or omentum, is a rare complication of solid ovarian teratoma. Our case is reported and 38 previously reported cases are reviewed. The grade of the primary tumors varied from grade 0 to grade 3. Only five cases were composed entirely of mature tissues. Five of the 39 patients died. Despite of varied therapy, the rest of the patients were alive from 3 months to 38 years later. Inspite of intraperitoneal implants, the prognosis in patients with these tumors is good, irrespective of the mode of therapy. On the basis of this study, we recommended a conservative therapy for the primary tumor and therapy for the implants is not required.     

Somatic Embryogenesis and Clonal Multiplication of Panax ginseng

Embryogenesis of PANAX GINSENG was induced from young flower buds via callus during a 3 months culture period. Matured embryos could be germinated on the 1/2 Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with GA (3) (1.4 microM)-BAP (2.2 microM) and 1.5% sucrose. In the medium containing 1.4 microM GA (3) and 11.1 microM BAP, a multiple shoot complex having 8 shoots per segment was formed from a single shoot set. On the other hand, the addition of 11.1 microM BAP and 1.4 microM GA (3) to the medium stimulated the flower bud formation. For root formation of shoots, the MS medium supplemented with 5.4 microM NAA was the most favourable. Subsequently the plantlet was transferred to vermiculite.     

Short-term estrogen test for cytodiagnosis in postmenopausal women

A short-term estrogen test was used to obtain a correct cytologic diagnosis in 73 patients with an equivocal atrophic cellular pattern. Overestimation in cytodiagnosis was markedly eliminated, and the correct cytologic diagnosis was made in 81% of the cell samples after the estrogen test. The purpose of this study was not only to confirm the usefulness of the short-term estrogen test, but also to observe the cytomorphologic changes before and after the test. Thick cytoplasm, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and a distinct cell border increased, while the amorphous chromatin pattern was eliminated after the estrogen test. Maturation of atypical cells in cases of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous-cell carcinoma was investigated before and after the estrogen test. Although malignant cells were not influenced by estrogen, maturation of dysplastic cells was induced after the test.     

Review of Risk Assessment of Major Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry

Most of the studies of the mandible's anatomical variations have presented the authors' speculations, and only a limited number has provided evidence that demonstrated the actual complications injury to the variant structures caused. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the risks associated with these variant anatomical structures' injury. We reviewed articles that described clinical cases of the injury to, and anatomical studies of, three anatomical variants of the mandible—the accessory mental, lingual, and retromolar foramina—with which dentists are relatively familiar and that are mentioned often in the context of implant and third molar surgeries, to describe risk assessment methods with which to evaluate potential complications preoperatively. Only a limited number of the clinical reports of injury to the mandible's accessory foramina were available. The potential severe complication of injury of the accessory mental foramen (AMF) is sensory disturbance of the lower lip. Risk of neurosensory disturbance of lower lip can be assessed by AMF/MF ratio and positional relations to the MF. Potential severe complication of injury of the lingual foramen is bleeding and hemorrhage in the oral cavity's floor. Risk of bleeding can be assessed by diameter and positional relation between the mental spine/mylohyoid line. A risk assessment of the retromolar foramen could not be made because of inadequate data. We hope the risk assessments suggested will encourage dentists to predict intraoperative/postoperative complications caused by damaging the mandible's accessory foramina. Clin. Anat. 32:672–677, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A new space of the face: The bucco‐mandibular space

Our previous studies based on intraoral dissection of fresh cadavers demonstrated the fissure and loose connective tissues behind the mucosa between the incisivus labii inferioris (ILI) and buccinator (BM) muscles. However, this raised new questions about the relationship among these muscles, the fissure and the buccal space. To our knowledge, no pathway to the oral cavity from the buccal space has been previously demonstrated, although such a pathway would better explain some routes of infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the relationship among the mimetic muscles attached to the mandible, the fissure, and the buccal space. Twenty sides from 10 fresh frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were used. The relationships among the ILI, BM, mandible, and buccal space were investigated with dissection and fluoroscopy. In all specimens, the fissure between the lateral border of the ILI and the anterior border of the BM formed the entrance of a space (here termed the bucco‐mandibular space), which corresponded to the buccal mucosa in the premolar region. The superior border of this space was formed by the platysma and associated fascia, which was continuous with the masseteric fascia. This fascia clearly separated this space from the buccal space, which was located lateral to the BM and superior to this space. Clin. Anat. 30:958–962, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Association of HLA antigen and restriction fragment length polymorphism of T cell receptor beta-chain gene with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

HLA antigen phenotypes and BglII restriction fragment length polymorphism of T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) gene were analyzed in 61 patients with Graves' disease and 50 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The antigen frequency of HLA-Bw46 in both Graves' disease (23.0%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (24.0%) was significantly higher than that in normal population (8.0%), with relative risks (RR) of 3.45 [corrected P (Pc) less than 0.009] and 3.66 (Pc less than 0.02), respectively. Significantly increased frequency of HLA-B51 antigen was also found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (40.0% vs. 16.3% in controls; RR, 3.42; Pc less than 0.002). Hybridization of BglII-digested DNA with TCR beta probe revealed two alleles of 9.3 and 8.6 kilobases. The allele frequency of 8.6 kilobases in Graves' disease (79%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (76%) was significantly higher (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) than that in controls (64%). The frequency of homozygous state 8.6/8.6 was significantly increased in both Graves' disease (62%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (60%) over that in controls (39%); the RR of 8.6/8.6 in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were 2.55 (P less than 0.01) and 2.31 (P less than 0.05), respectively. These results indicate that in Japanese subjects at least two loci are involved in the susceptibility to Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, one related to HLA and another to TCR beta.     

Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation

The abundance of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p57Kip2, an important regulator of cell cycle progression, is thought to be controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCFSkp2 has now been shown to be responsible for regulating the cellular level of p57Kip2 by targeting it for ubiquitylation and proteolysis. The elimination of p57Kip2 was impaired in Skp2-/- cells, resulting in abnormal accumulation of the protein. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis also revealed that Skp2 interacts with p57Kip2 in vivo. Overexpression of WT Skp2 promoted degradation of p57Kip2, whereas expression of a dominant negative mutant of Skp2 prolonged the half-life of p57Kip2. Mutation of the threonine residue (Thr-310) of human p57Kip2 that is conserved between the COOH-terminal QT domains of p57Kip2 and p27Kip1 prevented the effect of Skp2 on the stability of p57Kip2, suggesting that phosphorylation at this site is required for SCFSkp2-mediated ubiquitylation. Finally, the purified recombinant SCFSkp2 complex mediated p57Kip2 ubiquitylation in vitro in a manner dependent on the presence of the cyclin E-CDK2 complex. These observations thus demonstrate that the SCFSkp2 complex plays an important role in cell-cycle progression by determining the abundance of p57Kip2 and that of the related CDK inhibitor p27Kip1.     

Efficacy of second-look laparotomy for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Second-look laparotomies (SLL) were performed on 42 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Ten (24%) had residual disease. Serum CA 125 values before SLL predicted the presence of residual tumors, but its relatively high false negative rate made it unable to take place of SLL. Positive peritoneal cytology at initial surgery significantly influenced SLL results in patients with early disease. Residual pelvic lesions at initial surgery seemed to resist subsequent chemotherapy. Salvage therapy with external pelvic irradiation was effective on lesions confined to the pelvis without serious toxicity. Patients with advanced disease, undergoing SLL achieved better survival than without SLL. This study shows SLL is still the most accurate procedure in assessing the efficacy of treatment, and useful in selecting second-line therapy.