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排序方式: 共有415条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Minoo Lenarz Martin Durisin Hartmut Becker Almuth Brandis Thomas Lenarz 《Skull base》2007,17(2):153-156
We report a case of synchronous olfactory bulb meningioma and undifferentiated carcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses that involved and destroyed the anterior skull base and mimicked intracranial invasion by a carcinoma. The heterogeneity of tissue types in the skull base gives rise to a diverse variety of benign and malignant neoplasms which have totally different prognoses. Synchronous development of benign and malignant primary tumors both originating from and involving the skull base at the same location is very rare and may cause confusion for both the skull base surgeon and neuroradiologist. 相似文献
2.
Renal excretion of endothelin in children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
István Máttyus L. B. Zimmerhackl A. Schwarz M. Brandis M. Miltényi T. Tulassay 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(4):513-521
Endothelin (ET) is a peptide with profound vasoconstrictive potential. First isolated from porcine endothelial cell supernatant,
it is produced also by smooth muscle, epithelial and circulating cells. Besides vasoconstriction, a wide spectrum of biological
activities of ET (via activation of membrane receptors) has been described. These include regulation of other hormones and
neurotransmitters, cellular growth and proliferation, bronchoconstriction, and, in the kidney, natriuresis and water diuresis.
ET exerts its effects mainly in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. A high concentration of ET is found in urine, compared
with plasma originating mainly from the kidney itself. In this review we focus on the role of urinary excretion of ET in children.
ET excretion was determined under different physiological and pathological conditions. In premature infants and newborns,
the daily excretion of ET (corrected for body surface) was higher than in older children; it was constant, and comparable
to the values in healthy adults after the age of 2 years. Renal ET excretion correlated positively with urine flow in both
healthy and sick children. Conditions with tubular and/or collecting duct cell damage, such as severe hypoxia, hemolytic-uremic
syndrome, renal transplantation, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and contrast media cytotoxicity were characterized
by elevated urinary excretion of ET. In conclusion, the renal excretion of ET is influenced by several factors, probably reflecting
the intrarenal ET production. ET has a low specificity with regard to renal injury.
Received May 7, 1996; received in revised form January 14, 1997; accepted January 17, 1997 相似文献
3.
Circannual variation in lymphocyte subsets, revisited 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Circadian and circannual variations in lymphocyte subsets, especially CD8+ T-lymphocytes, have been reported. This study focuses on CD4+ T-lymphocyte seasonal variation over a 6-year 8-month period. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Lymphocyte subsets were quantitated monthly for four healthy individuals from 1986 through 1992 as part of a flow cytometry quality-control program. RESULTS: In general, there were no significant seasonal changes in the total number of white cells or in total lymphocyte counts. The absolute numbers of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were lowest in summer when the CD8+ T-lymphocytes were highest. Mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were 846, 967, 618, and 695 per microL for Subjects 1 through 4, respectively, in winter and 432, 670, 355, and 766 per microL, respectively, in summer. Two healthy subjects had CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts lower than 300 per microL on one or more occasions during the study period. In three of the four subjects, the percentage of B-lymphocytes in winter was almost double that in summer. In one of the four subjects, no circannual rhythm was observed in these lymphocyte subpopulations. CONCLUSION: The seasonal variation in CD4+ T- lymphocyte counts demonstrated in three healthy individuals over almost 7 years is again of interest in light of renewed consideration of using surrogate tests, such as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, to screen for AIDS- like diseases that may be in the blood supply. 相似文献
4.
The family history in family practice: a questionnaire study 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2
OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to investigate family medical history taking in
general practice, and to evaluate the value attached to the family medical
history as an aid to decision making in general practice. METHOD: A postal
questionnaire survey was conducted among all 291 GPs working within the
Calderdale and Kirklees Health Authority area. Each questionnaire was
followed by a reminder. The main outcome measures were answers to questions
on routine and opportunistic family history taking and a question about
transmitting knowledge about genetic risk to other members of the family.
Questions were also posed about the value attached to the family medical
history as an aid to decision making. RESULTS: A total of 193 GPs returned
the questionnaire (response rate 66.3%). On registration, 94.3% of GPs
indicated that enquiries were made about a family history of coronary heart
disease. Breast and colorectal cancer were specifically asked about by
48.4% and 30.7% of GPs, respectively. One-fifth of respondents indicated
that they asked a general question about family medical history. A little
over one-quarter of respondents indicated that they made opportunistic
enquiries about the family history or suggested that the patient should
inform other members of the family about possible risks. In the scenarios
highlighted in this study, the majority of respondents felt that the family
medical history had value as an aid to decision making. This was
particularly the case for checking a patient's cholesterol (92.1%) and for
initiating referrals in younger patients with possible cancer-related
symptoms (three-quarters of respondents). CONCLUSION: GPs value the family
medical history as an aid to decision making. Unfortunately, apart from
enquiries about coronary heart disease, routine or opportunistic family
history taking is not occurring in practice. Mechanisms need to be sought
to extract information from the family medical history so that it can be
more effectively used by GPs.
相似文献
5.
Rainer Burghard Ralf Pallacks Nader Gordjani Jekabs U. Leititis Bernhard J. Hackelöer Matthias Brandis 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1987,1(4):574-580
Protein content and protein composition were studied in amniotic fluid obtained from 171 healthy pregnant women between the 16th and 38th week of gestation, using microgradient gel electrophoresis to separate proteins according to their molecular size into albumin (68 KD), proteins of low molecular weight (LMW proteins, <68 KD), and proteins of high molecular weight (HMW proteins, >68 KD). Additionally -1-microglobulin (-1-MG, 33 KD) and -2-microglobulin (-2-MG, 11,8 KD) were analysed as micromolecular marker proteins. Concentrations of LMW proteins were 0.15–0.22 g/l, of -1-MG 28.4–34.5 mg/l, and of -2-MG 7.2–11.6 mg/l during the second trimester of gestation, and thereafter decreased progressively to 0.03 g/l, 14.1 mg/l and 2.4 mg/l respectively near term. The same developmental trends were confirmed by calculating the protein/creatinine ratios in amniotic fluid. The concentrations of LMW proteins found in the first postnatal urine of 73 healthy infants born prematurely or at term were similar to those in amniotic fluid of corresponding fetal age. Concentrations of albumin and HMW proteins in postnatal urine were about 5% and 15% respectively when compared with amniotic fluid concentrations. No strong correlation existed between gestational age and either of the analysed proteins which would allow accurate assessment of fetal maturation by protein analysis in amniotic fluid. It is concluded that fetal urinary excretion is the major determinant of the microprotein content of amniotic fluid. Microproteins seem to reflect an increasing tubular reabsorption capacity, which accelerates rapidly after the second trimester of gestation. 相似文献
6.
Nader Gordjani Rainer Burghard Dirk Müller Helga Mathäi Gunther Mergehenn Jekabs U. Leititis Matthias Brandis 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1995,9(4):419-422
The potential tubulotoxicity of tobramycin and cefotaxim were assessed in neonates by measuring the urinary level of adenosine deaminase binding protein (ABP) and urinary 1-microglobulin and 2-microglobulin. In a prospective study, 33 neonates who received tobramycin and cefotaxim for suspected neonatal sepsis were compared with 48 untreated newborns during the first 10 days of life. The urinary concentrations of ABP and its excretion rates, corrected for body weight and body surface area, were significantly increased from the 1st day of treatment. Urinary 1-microglobulin and 2-microglobulin were not elevated under tobramycin and cefotaxim during the first 2 days of treatment. We conclude that ABP may be a sensitive marker for the detection of proximal renal tubular injury during tobramycin and cefotaxim treatments of neonates. The increase in urinary ABP which occurs before an elevation of urinary 1-microglobulin and 2-microglobulin may reflect earlier structural than functional alterations. However, since none of the treated infants had signs of electrolyte disorders or glomerular dysfunction, the clinical relevance of ABP measurement should be reevaluated. 相似文献
7.
Beate Ermisch F. Hildebrandt L. B. Zimmerhackl M. Pohl N. Gordjani H. Niederhoff D. Matern H. H. Seydewitz W. Lehnert J. U. Leititis M. Brandis 《Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde》1997,145(7):714-718
Zusammenfassung
Das hyperammon?mische Koma ist eine akut lebensbedrohliche Stoffwechselentgleisung. Die h?ufigsten kongenitalen Ursachen sind
Enzymdefekte im Harnstoffzyklus und im Abbau von organischen S?uren. Die Frühdiagnose und eine sofortige aggressive Therapie
sind die entscheidenden Voraussetzungen zur Vermeidung irreversibler Hirnsch?den und letaler Verl?ufe. Das Therapieziel ist
eine rasche Senkung des Ammoniaks und anderer neurotoxischer Metaboliten. Die therapeutischen Grundprinzipien beinhalten 1.
eine restriktive Proteinzufuhr unter dem Erhalt essentieller Aminos?uren, 2. die Unterbrechung des Proteinkatabolismus mittels
hochkalorischer Ern?hrung, 3. eine medikament?se Aktivierung alternativer Wege der Stickstoffausscheidung sowie 4. apparative
Blutreinigungsverfahren. Das optimale Dialyseverfahren ist umstritten. Wir haben 4 Neugeborene und S?uglinge in einem hyperammon?mischen
Koma im Rahmen von Stoffwechselerkrankungen mittels H?modialyse oder H?mofiltration behandelt. Die Kasuistiken best?tigen
die Effektivit?t und Komplikationsarmut beider Verfahren.
Diskussion: In der Behandlung von lebensbedrohlichen Hyperammon?mien bei Neugeborenen und S?uglingen sind H?modialysen und H?mofiltrationen
die Behandlungsmethoden der Wahl. Die invasive Blutreinigung ist mit einer konsequenten di?tetischen und medikament?sen Therapie
zu optimieren. Der prognostische Nutzen einer effizienten Blutreinigung bei ausgepr?gter Hyperammon?mie rechtfertigt einen
unverzüglichen Transport in das n?chstgelegene p?diatrische Dialysezentrum.
相似文献
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