Minimum clinically important difference of the health-related quality of life scales in adult spinal deformity calculated by latent class analysis: is it appropriate to use the same values for surgical and nonsurgical patients?

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters have been shown to be reliable and valid in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has become increasingly important to clinicians in evaluating patients with a threshold of improvement that is clinically relevant.

Effect of in utero growth retardation on lung function at follow-up of prematurely born infants.

The aim of the study was to determine if prematurely born children who had suffered intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) had more severe lung function abnormalities than those born an appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA). Analysis of the lung function results of 119 infants (median (range) gestational age of 30 (23-35) weeks) was undertaken. In total, 31 of the infants had suffered IUGR and were born small for gestational age (SGA). Functional residual capacity and airways resistance (Raw) were measured at a median post-natal age of 10 (6-24) months. Specific airway conductance (sGaw) was calculated from thoracic gas volume and Raw. The SGA children were born at a greater gestational age and had a lower body weight at testing than the AGA children. Raw and sGaw differed between the SGA and AGA children. Regression analysis demonstrated that lung volumes were significantly related to body weight at testing, Raw was related to IUGR, maternal smoking and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sGaw to maternal smoking. In conclusion, these results suggest that prematurely born infants who have suffered intra-uterine growth retardation may be at increased risk of impaired lung function at follow-up.     

Neurotoxicity after spinal anaesthesia induced by serial intrathecal injections of magnesium sulphate An experimental study in a rat model

We have previously demonstrated in a rat model that the lumbar intrathecal injection of 0.02 ml 6.3% magnesium sulphate, a concentration iso-osmolar with rat plasma, produces a state of spinal anaesthesia and general sedation which reversed completely after 6 h, without evidence of neurotoxicity, immediately or during the week thereafter. Using the same model and five groups of six animals in each, we administered the same volume and concentration of magnesium sulphate and compared its clinical effects with those of 0.02 ml 12.6% magnesium sulphate, 0.02 ml 2% lignocaine and 0.02 ml 0.9% sodium chloride solution, given as a series of 15 injections on alternate days for a period of 1 month. The animals were then killed and their spinal cords and meninges examined histologically. No significant differences were noted in the times of onset, durations of sensory and motor blockade and the times to full recovery throughout the entire period of 1 month's observation in the animals receiving intrathecal 6.3% magnesium sulphate. In the group receiving 12.6% magnesium sulphate, the time of onset of sensory and motor blockade was shorter and the duration of both parameters was significantly longer than in the former group. Full clinical recovery and resumption of normal eating and drinking took place in both groups throughout the entire series of 15 successive intrathecal injections. Identical, mild, uniform histopathological changes in the spinal cord were seen in all the five groups, including the group in which only the intrathecal catheter was implanted. The complete recovery and benign consequences of repeated intrathecal injections of iso-osmolar magnesium sulphate in a rat model indicate a lack of neurotoxicity and provide an impetus for further trials in larger animal species, before initial clinical trials of this substance, given intrathecally, in humans.     

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS IN PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME

Purpose: to determine wheather an association exists between sensorineural hearing loss and pseudoexfoliation. Methods: Hearing thresholds were determined by using pure-tone au-diometry in 75 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and in the control group of 75 subjects without pseudoexfoliation The groups were sex and age matched. Results: The frequency of     

CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH LATANOPROST

Purpose: To report clinically, anotomically and angiographically documented cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with the use of latanoprost in 2 uncomplicated pseudophakic eyes. Methods: Retrospective rewiev of 2 patients who had history of latanoprost use and uncomplicated cataract surgery, described     

Persistent posttraumatic wrist pain: complex regional pain syndrome? Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be in the differential diagnosis

It is a common algorithm for hand surgeons to diagnose and treat persistent post-traumatic wrist pain as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Although it works for many patients, some conditions that affect the wrist don’t fall in this category and worsen with this treatment practice. We present a single-handed patient who had had a non-displaced distal radius fracture and was treated as CRPS for the next three months. He was eventually diagnosed with late tuberculous tenosynovitis of the wrist and a total wrist arthrodesis was performed. We believe that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be in the differential diagnosis of persistent post-traumatic joint pain. This is especially important as Mycobacterium infections are becoming more common due to an increase in patients with chronic immunosuppression and definitive diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous tenosynovitis needs a high index of clinical suspicion.     

Dosimetric evaluation of the effect of dental implants in head and neck radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the dose enhancement from scattered radiation at bone-dental implant interfaces during simulated head and neck radiotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: Four cylindrical titanium dental implants with 3 different sizes and lengths were implanted into a human mandible in 4 different positions. Ionization measurements for 6 MV X, 25 MV X, and Co-60 gamma rays were done. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD 100 ) chips were used to measure radiation dose enhancement due to the scattered electrons from titanium and electronic disequilibrium at the tissue-metal interface. RESULTS: The results showed that for Co-60, there is a 21% maximum increase in dose to alveolar mandibular bone at the close proximity to the titanium. For 6-MV x-rays the dose enhancement increase was almost the same or slightly lower than for Co-60, while for 25-MV high-energy x-rays, dose enhancement was lower than that of others. This increase in dose enhancement fell off rapidly and became insignificant at 2 mm from the interface. CONCLUSION: Total dose that may lead to osteoradionecrosis risk of the mandible is slightly but not significantly affected by the scattered dose of the dental implants of lower jaw in the radiation field exposed to 3 different radiation beams.     

The effect of a copper intra-uterine contraceptive device on the microbial ecology of the female genital tract

Bacteria isolated from 108 intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) removed from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), haemorrhage, pregnancy and from asymptomatic women, and from the genital tracts of 66 healthy controls not wearing an IUCD, were studied. No significant differences were found in the types of micro-organisms or isolation rates from IUCDs removed from women in the various clinical groups. The isolation rate of anaerobic bacteria from IUCDs removed from asymptomatic wearers was significantly lower than that from controls, with the exception of the isolation rate of actinomyces which was significantly higher in IUCD wearers and A. israelii was recovered only from IUCDs. The isolation rates of the different bacterial species varied with the duration of the device in utero. The presence of a copper IUCD altered the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. The insertion of such a device and the ecological changes that follow play a crucial role in the development of PID.     

Treg-Cell Control of a CXCL5-IL-17 Inflammatory Axis Promotes Hair-Follicle-Stem-Cell Differentiation During Skin-Barrier Repair

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