全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2529篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 69篇 |
儿科学 | 108篇 |
妇产科学 | 118篇 |
基础医学 | 190篇 |
口腔科学 | 251篇 |
临床医学 | 224篇 |
内科学 | 568篇 |
皮肤病学 | 80篇 |
神经病学 | 138篇 |
特种医学 | 117篇 |
外科学 | 297篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 81篇 |
眼科学 | 162篇 |
药学 | 137篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 109篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 92篇 |
2020年 | 55篇 |
2019年 | 80篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 95篇 |
2015年 | 94篇 |
2014年 | 126篇 |
2013年 | 170篇 |
2012年 | 190篇 |
2011年 | 188篇 |
2010年 | 106篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 202篇 |
2007年 | 202篇 |
2006年 | 163篇 |
2005年 | 144篇 |
2004年 | 149篇 |
2003年 | 98篇 |
2002年 | 92篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2665条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Increased arterial stiffness in young normotensive patients with Turner syndrome: associations with vascular biomarkers 下载免费PDF全文
2.
Yaprak Engin-Ustün Yusuf Ustün M Mutlu Meydanli Ay?e Kafkasli 《Gynecological endocrinology》2006,22(12):676-679
AIM: To compare the effects of 17beta-estradiol given intranasally (intranasal E2) and raloxifene on serum lipid profile and fibrinogen in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study population consisted of 46 women after menopause. The placebo group (n = 11) was given calcium, while the intervention groups were given intranasal E2 (Aerodiol; Servier, Chambray-les-Tours, France) (n = 16) or raloxifene (Evista; Lilly SA, Madrid, Spain) (n = 19). Blood lipids and fibrinogen were compared between groups at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: The group receiving intranasal E2 showed a significant decrease in triglyceride levels (p<0.05) and a marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p<0.05). No changes in lipid profile were observed in the raloxifene and placebo groups. Raloxifene caused a significant decrease in fibrinogen levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal E2 exerts significant effects on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Raloxifene has a greater impact on fibrinogen than intranasal E2 application. 相似文献
3.
H Gunen S S Hacievliyagil O Yetkin G Gulbas L C Mutlu E In 《The European respiratory journal》2007,29(4):660-667
The present study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that nebulised budesonide (NB) might be an alternative to systemic corticosteroids (SC) in the treatment of patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD). Patients hospitalised with ECOPD (n = 159) were randomised into three groups. Group 1 received only standard bronchodilator treatment (SBDT), group 2 received SC (40 mg prednisolone) plus SBDT, and group 3 received NB (1,500 microg q.i.d.) plus SBDT. Improvement during 10-day hospitalisation was compared with exacerbation and rehospitalisation rates after discharge. While mean+/-sd age was 64.1+/-8.9 yrs (female/male = 0.1), mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) at admission was found to be 37.2+/-12.2% predicted. Arterial blood gases and spirograms recovered faster in groups 2 and 3. While improvements in arterial oxygen tension (P(a,O(2))) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in group 2, and improvements in P(a,O(2)), FVC and FEV(1) in group 3, became significant at 24-h control, the first significant improvement in group 1 appeared in arterial oxygen saturation at 72-h control. The mean improvement of P(a,O(2)) after 10 days was 1.20 and 1.06 kPa (9 and 8 mmHg) higher in group 2 and 3, respectively, than in group 1. Blood glucose exhibited an upward trend only in group 2. The study demonstrates that nebulised budesonide may be an effective and safe alternative to systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 相似文献
4.
Effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of luting cement to ceramics 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of three different surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of a Bis-GMA based luting cement to six commercial dental ceramics. METHODS: Six disc shaped ceramic specimens (glass ceramics, glass infiltrated alumina, glass infiltrated zirconium dioxide reinforced alumina) were used for each test group yielding a total number of 216 specimens. The specimens in each group were randomly assigned to one of the each following treatment conditions: (1) hydrofluoric acid etching, (2) airborne particle abrasion, (3) tribochemical silica coating. The resin composite luting cement was bonded to the conditioned and silanized ceramics using polyethylene molds. All specimens were tested at dry and thermocycled (6.000, 5-55 degrees C, 30 s) conditions. The shear bond strength of luting cement to ceramics was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). RESULTS: In dry conditions, acid etched glass ceramics exhibited significantly higher results (26.4-29.4 MPa) than those of glass infiltrated alumina ceramics (5.3-18.1 MPa) or zirconium dioxide (8.1 MPa) (ANOVA, P<0.001). Silica coating with silanization increased the bond strength significantly for high-alumina ceramics (8.5-21.8 MPa) and glass infiltrated zirconium dioxide ceramic (17.4 MPa) compared to that of airborne particle abrasion (ANOVA, P<0.001). Thermocycling decreased the bond strengths significantly after all of the conditioning methods tested. SIGNIFICANCE: Bond strengths of the luting cement tested on the dental ceramics following surface conditioning methods varied in accordance with the ceramic types. Hydrofluoric acid gel was effective mostly on the ceramics having glassy matrix in their structures. Roughening the ceramic surfaces with air particle abrasion provided higher bond strengths for high-alumina ceramics and the values increased more significantly after silica coating/silanization. 相似文献
5.
BACKGROUND: Middle ear pathology, either otitis media with effusion or
tubal dysfunction, is frequently seen in day-care centre children.
Recognition and early treatment of this condition is crucial to the
prevention of chronic otitis media, which is a major cause of hearing loss
in later life. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to reveal the incidence of silent
otitis media in day-care centre children and to determine the predisposing
factors, risk factors and the awareness of the parents of the middle ear
disease of their children. METHOD: Two hundred and thirteen children, aged
3-6 years, were screened in four daycare centres. A questionnaire was
prepared that would reveal the predisposing factors. Information was
gathered from both the parents and teachers. Children were examined by
otoscopy, pneumotoscopy, tympanometry and X-rays for sinus pathology.
RESULTS: Forty-three of 213 children had middle ear pathology; 39 of them
were confirmed by tympanometry; 56.1 % of children had some degree of sinus
pathology. We revealed that, although most of the children do not have the
risk factors, they develop middle ear pathology. Among the parents, 81.4%
of them were unaware of the condition. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of
middle ear pathologies is necessary for prevention of future complications.
In early stages the condition is silent. We emphasize the importance of the
primary care physician's role in diagnosing the early stages of middle ear
pathologies and recommend that teaching of otoscopic and pneumotoscopic
skills should be part of the training for family physicians.
相似文献
6.
Comparison of three commonly used cytologic preparations in effusion immunocytochemistry. 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Discrepant results in effusion immunocytochemistry are often the result of specimen processing. Smears, cytospins, cell blocks, and monolayer preparations have all been used in various published studies; thus, there is no consistency in the immunostaining process for cytology to compare with the surgical pathology "gold standard" results. We sought to evaluate optimal specimen preparation for the immunostaining of effusion samples. Fourteen reactive and 15 malignant effusion samples (various epithelial/mesothelial neoplasms) were each prepared in three forms: air-dried cytospins (postfixed in ethanol), formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and liquid-based thin-layer (ThinPrep, CYTYC, Boxborough, MA) processing. All slides were immunostained with antibodies commonly used in effusion cytology: HBME-1, calretinin, E-cadherin, BerEP4, B72.3, LeuM1, and CA19-9. Cytospin and ThinPrep samples performed in a similar manner: high background staining was encountered in 66% of cases, most evident in three-dimensional clusters of cells. In addition, membrane staining patterns were difficult to interpret. Cell blocks provided the best milieu for morphologic interpretation, with less background staining (only 17% of cases) and results that most closely approximated those reported in the surgical pathology literature. The cost per test for cell block immunocytochemistry was also the most economical for our laboratory. 相似文献
7.
Sheffield MV Simsir A Talley L Roberson AJ Elgert PA Chhieng DC 《American journal of clinical pathology》2003,119(3):367-373
We compared the interobserver reproducibility of estimating the adequacy of the squamous component of conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears using traditional and newly proposed criteria. Forty conventional Pap smears with varying degrees of squamous cellularity were reviewed by 13 observers who evaluated adequacy (satisfactory vs unsatisfactory) based on the traditional criterion of estimating 10% slide coverage. After being introduced to the new criterion and the reference images, the observers reevaluated adequacy on the same set of smears, using the new criterion and the reference images. With the original criterion of 10% slide coverage, 15 smears had a unanimous designation; the overall kappa value was 0.49 (P < .001). With the newly proposed adequacy criterion and reference images, 17 smears had a unanimous designation; the overall kappa value was 0.60 (P < .001). The difference in the kappa correlation coefficients was statistically significant (P = .007). While traditional and newly proposed criteria resulted in fair interobserver agreement, it seemed that the newly proposed criterion, along with the use of reference images, for evaluating adequacy of the squamous component of conventional Pap smears results in better interobserver reproducibility. 相似文献
8.
Lindsay H. Dewa Caroline Crandell Elizabeth Choong Jack Jaques Alex Bottle Catherine Kilkenny Anna Lawrence-Jones Martina Di Simplicio Dasha Nicholls Paul Aylin 《The Journal of adolescent health》2021,68(4):666-675
PurposeExploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people’s mental health is an increasing priority. Studies to date are largely surveys and lack meaningful involvement from service users in their design, planning, and delivery. The study aimed to examine the mental health status and coping strategies of young people during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown using coproduction methodology.MethodsThe mental health status of young people (aged 16–24) in April 2020 was established utilizing a sequential explanatory coproduced mixed methods design. Factors associated with poor mental health status, including coping strategies, were also examined using an online survey and semi-structured interviews.ResultsSince the lockdown, 30.3% had poor mental health, and 10.8% had self-harmed. Young people identifying as Black/Black-British ethnicity had the highest increased odds of experiencing poor mental health (odds ratio [OR] 3.688, 95% CI .54–25.40). Behavioral disengagement (OR 1.462, 95% CI 1.22–1.76), self-blame (OR 1.307 95% CI 1.10–1.55), and substance use (OR 1.211 95% CI 1.02–1.44) coping strategies, negative affect (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.07–1.15), sleep problems (OR .915 95% CI .88–.95) and conscientiousness personality trait (OR .819 95% CI .69–.98) were significantly associated with poor mental health. Three qualitative themes were identified: (1) pre-existing/developed helpful coping strategies employed, (2) mental health difficulties worsened, and (3) mental health and nonmental health support needed during and after lockdown.ConclusionPoor mental health is associated with dysfunctional coping strategies. Innovative coping strategies can help other young people cope during and after lockdowns, with digital and school promotion and application. 相似文献
9.
Ali Yildiz Ekrem Islamoglu Mustafa Yuksel Ibrahim Erol Kaan Karamik Tuncay Cakir Mutlu Ates Murat Savas 《Current Urology》2021,15(2):111
Background:To evaluate the changes in penile sensation by electrophysiological tests in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and to demonstrate the role of dorsal penile nerve injury in postoperative erectile dysfunction.Materials and methods:Twenty-six volunteer patients who were eligible for RP were included in the study. Preoperative penile sensory electromyography and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire were done for each patient. Erectile function assessment and electrophysiological evaluation of penile sensation were repeated at postoperative 3rd and 6th months.Results:Postoperative IIEF-5 scores and electromyography values were significantly lower than preoperative findings (p < 0.05). The IIEF-5 scores in the nerve sparing-RP (NS-RP) group were significantly higher than the non-nerve sparing-RP (NNS-RP) group in the postoperative period. Nerve conduction velocity values in the NS-RP group were also higher than the NNS-RP group at the postoperative 3rd and 6th months. However, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Patients who underwent RP have decreased penile sensation due to cavernous nerve damage and a possible dorsal penile nerve injury. The decrease of penile sensation may be associated with postoperative erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
10.