Differences in COVID-19 Preventive Behavior and Food Insecurity by HIV Status in Nigeria

AIDS and Behavior - The aim of the study was to assess if there were significant differences in the adoption of COVID-19 risk preventive behaviors and experience of food insecurity by people living...     

Uterine Leiomyomata in South Western Nigeria: a clinical study of presentations and management outcome

Background

Uterine leiomyoma is remarkably common, however only a subset of women have their fibroids clinically detected, symptomatic, or warrant surgical treatment. Its removal is commonly associated with complications. To prevent or control the occurrence of this complication requires the understanding of the factors associated with the complications.

Objective

To evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, management outcome and its determinants in southwestern Nigeria.

Methods

Study was carried out at two large tertiary hospitals in the south west region of Nigeria.Retrospective review of case records of all surgically managed cases of uterine leiomyoma over a period of 25 years. One hundred and fifty nine women with uterine leiomyoma seen and managed surgically in South-Western Nigeria were the participants.

Results

The common presenting complaints were menstrual irregularities (47.7%), abdominal swelling (39.1%) and infertility (31.9%). The average uterine size at presentation was 15±9.7 weeks. The majority (79.9%) of the women presented with multiple leiomyomata. The commonest anatomical position of the nodules were multiple positions and intramural in 707(60.9%) and 172(14.8%) respectively. Myomectomy was performed in 54.7% of cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 20.9 % of cases with postoperative pyrexia (13.5%), blood loss warranting transfusion (12.8%) and postoperative anaemia (10.4%) been the most common complications.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroid is common in our environment and its removal is commonly associated with post-operative pyrexia, blood loss, and anaemia and wound infection. Midline incision, closure of rectus sheet with chromic catgut and myomectomy were associated with postoperative complications in this review.     

A randomized comparative study of prophylactic oxytocin versus ergometrine in the third stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of prophylactic use of oxytocin and ergometrine in management of the third stage of labor. METHODS: A prospective randomized study of 600 women assigned to receive either oxytocin or ergometrine in the third stage of labor. Outcome measures were the predelivery and 48-hour postdelivery hematocrit, duration of the third stage, specific side effects, and incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. Statistical analyses were done using the t test for continuous variables and chi2 test for categorical variables. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in maternal age, gestational age, duration of third stage, birth weights, risk for retained placenta, manual removal of placenta, or need for additional oxytocics. Patients in the ergometrine group were at significant risk for nausea, vomiting, headaches, and elevated blood pressure (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Oxytocin is as effective as ergometrine at reducing the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, but without the undesirable side effects of nausea, vomiting, and elevated blood pressure associated with ergometrine.     

Gender effect on eating habits of Nigerian school children

It is important to investigate children''s eating habits based on different eating behaviors such as satiety responsiveness (SR), slowness in eating (SE), food fussiness (FF), food responsiveness (FR), enjoyment of food (EF), desire to drink (DD), emotional under-eating (EUE), and emotional over-eating (EOE). The main objective of this research was to investigate whether gender affects the eating habits of Nigerian school children.A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and June 2019. A total of 120 parents of school children participated in the study. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to collect data. The CEBQ is composed of 35 items and eight subscales.Based on the analysis of parents’ reports, DD was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 7.086, P < .001; EOE was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 5.184, P < .001; EF was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 2.183, P < .001; FF was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 9.441, P < .001; and SR was higher in boys than girls, t (118) = 7.323, P < .001. However, EUE was lower in boys than girls, t (118) = −4.339, P < .001; FR was lower in boys than girls, t(118) = −3.112, P < .001; SE was lower in boys than girls, t(118) = −3.832, P < .001; thus, gender had a significant influence on eating habits of the school children.Gender significantly affects the eating habits of Nigerian school children. Thus, gender is an important factor to be considered when aiming to improve the eating habits of Nigerian school children.     

Hemorrhagic adrenal pseudocyst: laparoscopic treatment

Background The incidence of adrenal hemorrhagic pseudocyst is very low. A total of 613 adrenal cysts and 85 hemorrhagic pseudocysts have been reported. A laparoscopically diagnosed and resolved case is presented here, together with the current diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.Methods A 40-year-old woman was admitted because of an asymptomatic nonfunctional right adrenal tumor. Right laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed, 8-cm cyst which found an with thick walls and organized hematic content. The postoperative course was uneventful. Follow-up was 14 months. The pathology was an adrenal hemorrhagic pseudocyst.Discussion A total of 56% of adrenal cysts are pseudocysts. One third of them have hematic content. They may present as an asymptomatic finding with nonspecific symptoms or as a hormone secreting or complicated tumor. Their vascular etiology is not yet totally accepted. There is a tendency for intracystic bleeding. it is advisable to evaluate the hormonal profile and morphologic characteristics in all cases. Treatment options include needle aspiration, percutaneous drainage, and cyst or gland resection. Laparoscopic excision should be evaluated.