Correction: Thrombotic and bleeding events,mortality, and anticoagulant use among 546,656 hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in the United States: a retrospective cohort study

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis -     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Ankylosing Spondylitis With Extension Contracture of Hips

Background

Despite significant pain relief following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, a small subset of patients presenting with extra-articular extension contracture of hips remains unsatisfied.

Clinicopathological Profile of Myelomatous Pleural Effusion: Single-center Real-world Experience and Review of Literature

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cell origin. MM primarily affects bone marrow, but extramedullary sites can also be involved. Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is an atypical and rare complication of MM. We aimed to systematically study the incidence and clinicopathologic profile of patients with MPE in a real-world setting.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with sleep-disordered breathing and endothelial dysfunction.

Pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) may be associated with both endothelial dysfunction (ED) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). It was hypothesised that females with PET would demonstrate both SDB and ED, and that a correlation between these two would suggest a potential causative association. A total of 17 females with PET and 25 matched females with uncomplicated pregnancy were studied. They underwent a nocturnal ambulatory sleep study (using Watch_PAT100) and noninvasive evaluation of endothelial function utilising the reactive hyperaemia test (using Endo_PAT 2000). A higher ratio of post- to pre-occlusion pulse-wave amplitude (endothelial function index (EFI)) indicated better endothelial function. Females with PET had a significantly higher respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and lower EFI than controls (18.4+/-8.4 versus 8.3+/-1.3.h(-1), and 1.5+/-0.1 versus 1.8+/-0.1, respectively). Blood pressure significantly correlated with RDI and with EFI. EFI tended to correlate with RDI. In conclusion, these results suggest that both sleep-disordered breathing and endothelial dysfunction are more likely to occur in females with pre-eclamptic toxaemia than in females with uncomplicated pregnancies. The current authors speculate that respiratory disturbances contribute to the functional abnormality of the blood vessels seen in females with pre-eclamptic toxaemia, although causality cannot be determined based on this study.     

Autoimmune hepatitis: a study of 50 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a well-defined entity in the West but there are sparse Indian data on this disease. AIM: To study the clinical profile and response to treatment of Indian patients with AIH. METHODS: This is a part retrospective and part prospective study of 50 patients (median age 48 years, range 11-82; 43 women) seen between 1995 to 2001, diagnosed to have AIH as per the revised scoring system. Clinical and laboratory profile, response to treatment, and complications of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: AIH accounted for 6% of all patients with liver disease seen during the period. The presenting symptoms were gastrointestinal in 43 and non-gastrointestinal in 7, with median symptom duration of 6 months (range 2 weeks to 40 years). Forty patients (80%) had chronic liver disease. Associated illnesses were present in 28 patients. Twenty-six patients were classified as definite and the rest as probable AIH. Forty-nine patients had Type 1 AIH. Five patients had overlap syndrome. Forty-five patients (90%) received immunosuppressive therapy. Twelve of 18 patients receiving only prednisolone and 21 of 27 patients receiving prednisolone and azathioprine combination responded. Thirteen (26%) patients had therapy-related complications (infectious 5, non infectious 8) with two treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: Type 1 AIH was the predominant type of AIH. The majority of patients with AIH presented with chronic liver disease. There was good response to immunosuppressive therapy. Therapy-related complications occurred in one-fourth of patients.     

Fetal antigen retained by mature neurons and ependyma studied with a monoclonal antibody (6B9)

A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb 6B9, isotype IgM) was raised against autopsy tissue samples from the central nervous system (CNS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. By immunofluorescence microscopy, MAb 6B9 intensely stains most or all cells in fetal rats. However, MAb 6B9 differentially stains various cell types in adult rats. Neurons, ependymal cells, and adrenal chromaffin cells are stained intensely, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are not stained. The 6B9-reactive antigen (6B9 antigen) is sensitive to periodic acid, but insensitive to treatment with protease, RNase, or hyaluronidase. Results from immunofluorescence microscopy on semithin sections and cultured neuroblastoma cells indicate that 6B9 antigen is intracellular. This is supported by immunoelectron microscopy, where labeling for 6B9 antigen appears in the cytoplasm distinct from any identifiable organelle. Further studies on 6B9 antigen should reveal its chemical nature as well as the significance of developmental changes in its distribution.     

Electrocardiographic abnormalities in aluminium phosphide poisoning with special reference to its incidence, pathogenesis, mortality and histopathology

Ninety-five patients out of total 190 cases of aluminium phosphide (ALP) poisoning, who exhibited ECG changes were studied for incidence, type and pattern of ECG abnormalities, their effect on mortality and their relationship with histopathology of heart. Its incidence in the present study was 50%. The arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and ischaemic pattern occurred more or less in equal frequency. Certain ECG abnormalities which had not been reported previously ie, early repolarisation syndrome, varied sino-atrial blocks, bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome and electrical alternans were observed in this study. The clinical profile of these cases was similar irrespective of whether patients had ECG abnormalities or not. Shock was the cardinal feature. There was no effect of ECG abnormalities on mortality. The mortality which was otherwise high, depended upon severity of poisoning, dose of poison consumed, duration of shock, failure of response of shock to resuscitative measures and severe hypomagnesaemia. The pathogenesis of ECG abnormalities is still obscure. Hypomagnesaemia was observed in all the 18 cases studied, irrespective of ECG abnormalities. However, these were common when hypomagnesaemia was severe. Hypoxaemia and shock were not the contributory factors for these abnormalities. Autopsy revealed stereotyped histopathological changes of toxic myocarditis independent of ECG findings.