新生儿肺炎克雷伯菌败血症与大肠埃希菌败血症临床特点及耐药性的比较

目的 对新生儿肺炎克雷伯菌败血症与大肠埃希菌败血症临床特点及耐药性进行对比分析,为临床早期诊断和合理治疗提供理论依据.方法 对2000年1月至2009年10月在我院新生儿重症监护病房住院治疗并确诊为肺炎克雷伯菌败血症(n=42)和大肠埃希菌败血症患儿(n=50)的病历资料进行回顾性分析,比较其临床特征、实验室检查、治疗转归情况.同时将不同发病日龄肺炎克雷伯菌败血症与大肠埃希菌败血症(发病日龄≤3 d为早发型败血症、发病日龄＞3 d为晚发型败血症)对抗生素的耐药情况进行比较分析.结果 (1)临床特点比较:肺炎克雷伯菌败血症比大肠埃希菌败血症新生儿气促、呼吸暂停的发生率高(61.9%和6.0%,x2=17.34,P＜0.05),在更短的时间内发展至多器官功能障碍综合征和弥漫性血管内凝血[(40±28)h和(89±26)h](t=-3.17,P＜0.05);但并发化脓性脑膜炎比例低(4.8%和30.0%,x2=9.65,P＜0.05).(2)非特异性实验室检查结果:肺炎克雷伯菌败血症与大肠埃希菌败血症相比较,白细胞＞25×109/L(42.9%和22.0%,x2=4.60,P＜0.05)、血小板＜100×109/L(52.4%和18.0%,x2=12.07,P＜0.05)、C反应蛋白＞8 mg/L(95.2%和76.0%,x2=6.55,P＜0.05)的比例较高.(3)抗生素耐药情况:对头孢菌素类抗生素肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率高于大肠埃希菌(81.8%～100.0%和17.2%～63.2%,x2=6.97～11.92,P＜0.05);晚发型肺炎克雷伯菌败血症对阿莫西林/棒酸、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率高于晚发型大肠埃希菌败血症(75.0%和0.0%,x2=26.67;83.3%和0.0%,x2=12.53,P均＜0.05);对亚胺培南均未发现耐药.晚发型大肠埃希菌败血症与肺炎克雷伯菌败血症产超广谱于内酰胺酶菌株检出率均较早发型高(65.0%和17.8%,x2=11.06;100.0%和30.0%,x2=20.22,P均＜0.05),其中晚发型肺炎克雷伯菌败血症产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株检出率高于晚发型大肠埃希菌败血症(100.0%和65.0%,x2=9.16,P＜0.05).(4)病死率:肺炎克雷伯菌败血症病死率高于大肠埃希菌败血症(21.4%和4.0%,x2=6.59,P＜0.05).结论 新生儿肺炎克雷伯菌败血症病情比大肠埃希菌败血症重,可迅速发展至多器官功能障碍综合征和弥漫性血管内凝血,病死率高.肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株快速增长,临床应合理使用抗生素.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and antibiotics resistance of neonatal sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in order to provide guidance for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods Forty-two newborns with Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and 50 newborns with Escherichia coli sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit of Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from January 2000 to October 2009 were enrolled into this study. The clinical data, laboratory examinations and prognosis of these newborns were retrospectively analyzed and compared. The antibiotic resistance data of different onset age of the two diseases were compared. Early-onset sepsis was defined as the age at the onset ≤3 days, and late-onset sepsis was defined as the age at the onset ＞3 days. Results (1) Comparison of clinical characteristics: Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis caused higher incidence of apnea or gasp compared with Escherichia coli sepsis (61.9% vs 6.0% ,x2= 17. 34, P＜0. 05); the time of developing to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation of the newborns with Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis [(40±28) h] was shorter than that of the newborns with Escherichia coli sepsis [(89±26) h] (t= -3.17, P＜0.05); while the incidence of purulent meningitis of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis was lower ( 4. 8% vs 30. 0 %, x2 = 9.65, P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) Comparison of non-specific laboratory examinations: compared with Escherichia coli sepsis, Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis caused higher incidence of the leucocyte count ＞ 25 × 109/L (42. 9% vs 22.0%, x2 = 4. 60,P＜0. 05), platelet count ＜ 100 × 109/L (52.4% vs 18.0%, x2 = 12.07, P＜0. 05) and C-reaction protein ＞8 mg/L (95.2% vs 76.0% ,x2 =6. 55, P＜0. 05). (3) Comparison of results of antibiotic resistance: the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae (81.8%00-100. 0%) to Cephalosporins was higher than that of Escherichia coli (17. 2%-63. 2%) (x2 =6.97-11.92, P＜0. 05); the resistance rates of late-onset sepsis of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid and Cefoperazone/sulbactam were higher than those of Escherichia coli (75.0% vs 0.0%, x2 =26.67, P＜0. 05;83. 3%vs 0. 0%, x2 = 12.53, P＜0. 05 respectively); no resistance to Imipenem were found. The percentages of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were obviously higher in neonates with late-onset sepsis than those early-onset ones (65.0% vs 17. 8%,x2 = 11.06, P＜0. 05; 100. 0 % vs 30. 0 %, x2 = 20. 22, P＜0. 05 respectively); and positive ESBLs rate of the late-onset Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis was higher than that of Escherichia coli sepsis (100. 0% vs 65.0%, x2 =9.16, P＜0. 05). (4) Comparison of mortality rate: the mortality rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis was higher than that of Escherichia coli sepsis (21.4% vs 4. 0%,x2=6.59, P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Compared with Escherichia coli septicemia, Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia has more severe symptoms, developed to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation quicker, and has higher mortality rate. The percentage of ESBLs positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae increased rapidly. The clinical use of antibiotics should be rationale.