上海市新婚夫妇避孕知识动态及影响因素的研究

对上海市两区于1987年8月到1988年8月间领证的7872对初婚夫妇婚后两次跟踪调查,显示上海市新婚夫妇对常用非永久性避孕措施的知识水平偏低。婚后15月时有增长但仍是低水平的。研究发现新婚夫妇普遍不愿服用口服避孕药,大部分妻子对口服药的知识不清晰,看法有偏倚。多元回归显示影响婚后妻子避孕知识水平的因素有:晚育意愿;妻子谈论避孕的能力及首先了解途径;婚前使用避孕措施;夫妇职业;妻子教育程度;丈夫单位所有制及夫妇月收入等。结果提示妻子婚龄及其母教育水平、恋爱时间与晚育意愿有内在关联而间接影响妻子避孕知识水平。初访后分娩或自流、“人流”是妻子避孕知识增长的主要影响因素。     

Contraceptive Method Choice Among Newly Married Couples and Influential Factors in Shanghai Municipality

A foliow-up study with 7,826 representative newly married couples for fifteen months after their weddings in Shanghai Municipality showed that among the 3,412 couples who actually adopted contraceptive method, rhythm was the main choice; the proportion for couples taking the contraceptive pill was much higher among sexually active couples before their weddings. The proportions of adopting rhythm or condom or the both, however, increased afterwards. About 86% of couples who had ever planned adopting the rhythm at registration actually used it. In fact, 16% of those who had ever planned to take pills eventually made this choice, because of their worry about any adverse side effects on mother‘s and fetus‘ health. Their knowledge about contraception, especially the pills, was incomprehensive. Approximately 62% of condom users had not been given any instruction regarding its use when they got this contraceptive device one year later. Half of the pill and spermicide users learnt these respective methods from their friends or relatives. The proportion of delivering contraceptives after marriage by F.P.P. was rather low. By fitting the multinomial logistic regression model, it is indicated that couple‘ s evaluation on contraceptive methods and contraceptive goal were the main factors determining newlyweds‘ method of choice. Wife‘s knowledge on contraception and the accessibility of contraceptives and devices also influenced the method choice to some extent.     

上海市区新婚夫妇生育计划及其变化分析

本文通过对上海市区7,872对新婚夫妇的前瞻性调查,分析新婚夫妇在结婚登记和开始正常性生活时的生育计划及其变化的决定因素。结果显示,半数以上的夫妇于结婚登记一个月以后才开始正常性生活,在结婚登记时,有43.4%夫妇表示婚后不打算避孕,56.6%表示将使用避孕以推迟受孕时间。到正常性生活开始时,有25.5%的夫妇改变了原来的生育计划,15.2%提前了受孕时间,10.3%推迟了受孕时间。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,结婚登记与开始正常性生活间隔时间较长、夫妇初婚年龄较轻及妻子的避孕知识较贫乏、则夫妇容易改变生育计划。妻子避孕知识较丰富、夫妇初婚年龄较大、丈夫有兄弟、妻子是脑力劳动者、婚前接受过正规性教育及没有婚前性行为的夫妇,容易推迟其生育计划。     

初婚夫妇自然受孕力及影响因素的研究

８０年代末，上海市区７８２６对初婚夫妇的前瞻性随访显示，领证夫妇开始每周有性生活后１年时，９２％的未避孕者及９０％的曾避孕者已首次受孕。７６％的未避孕及８６％的曾避孕夫妇于３个月内即受孕。以领证为起点估计上海市区夫妇婚后１年的受孕力为８３％，而如以夫妇开始每周性生活为起点，则９２％的初婚夫妇于婚后１年时已受孕。比例风险模型显示，除夫妇婚龄及妻子毒物接触史等外．夫妇生育意愿、同胞数、排行、工作单位所有制、个性及性生活状况等，均在不同程度上影响夫妇的自然受孕力。     

Primary cesarean section and its social determinants in Shanghai Municipality

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