奇静脉逆行灌注在主动脉手术中对脊髓保护的解剖学研究

目的 :为主动脉手术中脊髓保护提供形态基础和术式设计。方法 :解剖观察了 3 1例成人标本的奇静脉系、椎静脉丛 ,以及脊髓静脉回流途径。结果 :观测奇静脉系及相关静脉 ,其直径为 ( x±s) :奇静脉为 (9.2± 1.9)mm ,半奇静脉为 (5 .5± 1.2 )mm ,副半奇静脉为 (3 .8± 0 .9)mm ,左最上肋间静脉为 (2 .0±0 .4)mm ,右最上肋间静脉为 (1.9± 0 .4)mm ,左腰升静脉为 (2 .3± 0 .5 )mm ,右腰升静脉为 (2 .2± 0 .6)mm。根据奇静脉属支的配布和肋间静脉汇入形式 ,将奇静脉系分为 4种类型。奇静脉及其属支中存在静脉瓣 ,有个体差异。脊髓静脉密集 ,与椎内静脉丛有丰富的网络连接 ,并通过神经根静脉与椎外静脉丛、奇静脉系相交通。结论 :在主动脉手术中应用奇静脉逆行灌注脊髓保护 ,是一种行之有效的新术式。     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

成年女性骶棘韧带区的临床应用解剖研究

目的研究骶棘韧带（sacrospinous ligament,SSL）区的血管神经解剖特点,为骶棘韧带固定术（sacrospinous ligament fixation,SSLF）提供解剖学基础。方法对10具（20侧）成人女性尸体的SSL区进行解剖、观查并测量其与周围血管神经的解剖关系。结果SSL的长度是（52．3±4．2）mm,距离坐骨棘2．5cm处的宽度为（12．0±2．1）mm。大部分臀下血管（15／20）出骨盆前经过SSL外侧一半的后方或紧邻上缘,且大部分（18／20）在近SSL上缘处发出尾动脉,它在SSL上缘处距离坐骨棘（15．7±5．6）mm。阴部神经在坐骨棘内侧从内上向外下斜行跨越SSL背侧进入坐骨小孔,位于阴部内血管的内侧或内上方,在SSL上、下缘其最内界与坐骨棘的距离分别是（23．4±3．6）mm和（15．7±1．3）mm。15个半骨盆中（15／20）找到肛提肌神经,其跨越SSL上缘处与坐骨棘的距离是（39．6±8．3）mm。结论SSLF中,选择缝合SSL距离坐骨棘至少2．5am处、宽度为韧带靠近下缘的1／2、深度为韧带全层厚度的浅层之1／2,即宽度约5mm,深度约1mm,可避免损伤其后方及上缘的血管神经。     

颏舌肌在舌后坠发生中的作用──实验性肌电观察

本研究使用针电极直视下插入肌肉的方法，描记了１６只家兔在不同时期与舌运动有关肌肉的电活动，以探讨颏舌肌于睡眠中对舌后坠发生的作用。通过观察表明，舌肌在舌后坠发生中具有更为主动的作用，并且提示反射性调节对睡眠中舌后坠缓解作用的局限性。     

VEGF在实验性心肌梗塞中促血管生成的实验研究

目的探讨VEGF在实验性心肌梗塞中促血管生成的形态学依据和作用机理。方法结扎30只家兔左冠状动脉的前降支,造成实验性心肌梗塞。15只作为实验组,在梗塞区内注射VEGF;其余15只作为对照组,仅做前降支单纯性结扎。两组动物分别于结扎术后1、2、4周处死,利用组织切片染色法观察梗塞区血管的生成与重建及相关的病理学变化。结果实验组梗塞区内,可见许多呈岛状存活的心肌组织,对照组则极为少见。术后2周为血管形成的高峰期,实验组梗塞区内新生血管的数量和密度明显高于对照组,两组具有极其显著性差异,血管密度实验组为(24.19±0.77)条/4×10倍,对照组为(1.01±0.21)条/4×10倍。结论VEGF对急性实验性心肌梗塞后的血管形成及心肌组织存活具有明显的促进作用。     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.     

坐骨棘筋膜固定术的临床解剖学研究

Objective The study was to explore the safety, firmness and convenience of the fascia around the ischial spine as a new fixation site for the vaginal fornix. Methods Between June 2007 and January 2008, detailed dissections and related measurements of the regions around the ischial spine were performed on 10 Chinese female cadavers (3 unembalmed and 7 embalmed cadavers). At the same time, the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were exposed and the pull-out strength sequentially tested using a digital push-pull force gauge. Results The fascia on the ischial spine was firm and strong, with a thickness of 3 about mm. No major vessels or nerves were observed on the ischial spine. The greatest pullout strengths of the sacrospinous ligament,the fascia on the ischial spine, the iliococcygeus fascia as well as the vaginal fornix were (102±26),(64±15),(33±8)and(32±6)N, respectively. Conclusion The fascia at 1 cm from anterior lateral ischial spine, free of major vessels and nerves, is safe and strong and could be used as a new site for suspension in vaginal prolapse.