全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1264篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 46篇 |
妇产科学 | 26篇 |
基础医学 | 185篇 |
口腔科学 | 13篇 |
临床医学 | 80篇 |
内科学 | 201篇 |
皮肤病学 | 28篇 |
神经病学 | 99篇 |
特种医学 | 81篇 |
外科学 | 286篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 56篇 |
眼科学 | 22篇 |
药学 | 62篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 105篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 46篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 65篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 66篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1865年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1306条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Martin R. Späth Malte P. Bartram Nicolàs Palacio-Escat K. Johanna R. Hoyer Cedric Debes Fatih Demir Christina B. Schroeter Amrei M. Mandel Franziska Grundmann Giuliano Ciarimboli Andreas Beyer Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu Susanne Brodesser Heike Göbel Jan U. Becker Thomas Benzing Bernhard Schermer Martin Höhne Markus M. Rinschen 《Kidney international》2019,95(2):333-349
2.
Martin Freesmeyer Christian Kühnel Falk Gühne Philipp Seifert 《Journal of ultrasound in medicine》2019,38(12):3311-3319
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology using a novel ultrasound needle guidance system on the basis of standard needle magnetization was consecutively performed in 30 (15 in‐plane and 15 out‐of‐plane) suspicious thyroid nodules. Nondedicated, commercially available needles were used. The technical effectiveness and safety of the system were satisfying; system failures were observed in 2 cases. The needle tip could be (at least occasionally) visualized inside the thyroid nodule in 96%, and the subjective procedure ratings were excellent in 57%. The out‐of‐plane technique was significantly superior in both respects (P = .021 and .027, respectively). Standard needle magnetization ultrasound needle guidance was easy to apply and cost‐effective and has the potential to improve fine‐needle aspiration cytology performance. 相似文献
3.
Total gastrectomy is discussed as the operation of choice among different surgical approaches for gastric carcinoma. We prefer the performance of an elective total gastrectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy (compartments I and II) and obligatory splenectomy. A retrospective study of 1,704 consecutive cases of gastric carcinomas showed a better outcome following total gastrectomy in relationship to distal subtotal gastrectomy, but these results cannot be used as evidence because of the lack of a prospective study. Nevertheless, a precise analysis of our cases in regard to tumor site and tumor type could show a frequency of only 6% to maximally 30%, in which elective total gastrectomy may represent a procedure too extensive to justify for an oncological course. 相似文献
4.
5.
Expression profiling identifies the CRH/CRH-R1 system as a modulator of neurovascular gene activity.
Jan M Deussing Claudia Kühne Benno Pütz Markus Panhuysen Johannes Breu Mary P Stenzel-Poore Florian Holsboer Wolfgang Wurst 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2007,27(8):1476-1495
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH-R1)-deficient mice display reduced anxiety-like behavior, a chronic corticosterone deficit, and an impaired neuroendocrine stress response caused by disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The molecular substrates and pathways of CRH/CRH-R1-dependent signaling mechanisms underlying the behavioral phenotype as well as the consequences of lifelong glucocorticoid deficit remain largely obscure. To dissect involved neuronal circuitries, we performed comparative expression profiling of brains of CRH-R1 mutant and wild-type mice using our custom made MPIP (Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry) 17k cDNA microarray. Microarray analysis yielded 107 genes showing altered expression levels when comparing CRH-R1 knockout mice with wild-type littermates. A significant proportion of differentially expressed genes was related to control of HPA and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes reflecting not only the disturbance of the HPA axis in CRH-R1 mutant mice but also the interplay of both neuroendocrine systems. The spatial analysis of regulated genes revealed a prevalence for genes expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. This phenotype was confirmed by the successful cross-validation of regulated genes in CRH overexpressing mice. Analysis of the cerebral vasculature of CRH-R1 mutant and CRH overexpressing mice revealed alterations of functional rather than structural properties. A direct role of the CRH/CRH-R1 system was supported by demonstrating Crhr1 expression in the adult murine cerebral vasculature. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, previously unknown role of the CRH/CRH-R1 system in modulating neurovascular gene expression and function. 相似文献
6.
Detection of microemboli in the subclavian vein of patients undergoing haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Dirk W Droste Karsten Kühne Roland M Schaefer E Bernd Ringelstein 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2002,17(3):462-466
BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology leading to pulmonary side effects during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration is not yet fully understood. Chronic microembolization, which can be demonstrated by pulsed Doppler ultrasound, may be one cause. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 24 long-term dialysis patients undergoing haemodialysis (n=21) and online-haemodiafiltration (n=3), respectively. The subclavian vein downstream to the venous access was investigated during different phases of the procedure using a 2-MHz pulsed ultrasound device. RESULTS: In all periods investigated (connection, dialysis, disconnection), numerous microembolic signals (MES) were found in the subclavian vein. The numbers of MES detected during haemodiafiltration (314-709 MES per 10 min) were higher than during haemodialysis (0-81 MES per 10 min). CONCLUSIONS: The composition (gaseous or solid) and origin (pump, tubing system or shunt) of the microemboli detected remains unclear. Chronic microembolization may be one cause of pulmonary complications of haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration. The detection method described in this article will help us to better understand this process and to determine what role microemboli might play in pulmonary and central nervous system disorders. It may also help to optimize the devices and techniques used. 相似文献
7.
M Kühne B Schaer C Kaufmann N Moulay T Cron T Cueni P Weiss C Schindler C Sticherling S Osswald 《Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology》2007,9(12):1185-1190
AIMS: DDD-pacemakers are favoured in patients with sick-sinus-syndrome or AV-block. However, AAI-pacemakers for sick-sinus-syndrome or VDD-pacemakers for AV-block may provide similar benefit with lower costs. The aim is to show that a tailored approach (TA) with arrhythmia-specific pacemaker selection was equal to a standard approach (SA) regarding quality of life (QoL) at lower costs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was prospective and randomized with QoL as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were a combined endpoint of all-cause mortality, worsening heart failure or angina, atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, these endpoints individually and costs. Of 198 patients (age 77 +/- 10 years, 43% female, ejection fraction 54 +/- 12%, follow-up 38 +/- 15 months), 94 were randomized to SA and 104 to TA. Thirty-two patients (34%) died in the SA group vs. 25 (24%) in the TA (P= ns). QoL showed no differences in all dimensions. The combined secondary endpoint was reached more frequently with SA (51%) compared to TA (37%, P = 0.045). There was no difference regarding all single secondary endpoints. Hardware costs were reduced by 15% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In long-term follow-up, a TA is equal to SA regarding the primary endpoint QoL and secondary endpoints as AF and mortality. Depending on the healthcare system, it may significantly reduce costs. 相似文献
8.
E. Nagel J. Jähne K. Obermann J. Lotz A. Meyer zu Vilsendorf R. Pichlmayr 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1997,382(1):29-32
In this retrospective study of 24 patients who were treated at our clinic during the last 22 years after having attempted suicide, we evaluated aspects concerning abdominal-and transplantation surgery. There was a predominance of “hard” (70%) versus “soft” (30%) methods for suicide attempt. Intra-abdominal injuries resulting from attempted suicide by stabbing or shooting should lead to laparotomy— the prognosis is then good. Surgical treatment after intoxication, especially caustic ingestion, depends on endoscopic and clinical findings. The highly increased rates of suicide significantly by kidney transplantation. The risk of suicide after transplantation is further diminished with improved immunosuppressive treatment. Only in a few cases there is an indication for liver transplantation— in some cases of fulminant hepatic failure caused by self-administered paracetomol overdose. Auxiliary liver transplantation may then be considered. 相似文献
9.
Antibacterial therapy of anaerobic infections usually involves chemotherapy. The basis of therapy is assessment of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents needed to eliminate the suspected causal agents of infection. The authors assessed MIC of 9 selected antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents (metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, cephoxitin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin) by the dilution method in blood agar in 157 strains of the most important types of the genus Bacteroides which were isolated in 1985-1989 from different clinical materials in Bratislava and in Halle (GDR). All tested strains were sensitive to metronidazole and chloramphenicol. Resistance to clindamycin was very rare. Strains resistant to azlocillin, mezlocillin and cephotoxin were more frequent. A high resistance to lincomycin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin was found. Difference in sensitivity of strains from the CSSR and GDR were slight. Similarly results of the present work differed little from those of previous work. 相似文献
10.
R Schmidt T Schiemann M Riemer E Thom K H H?hne K H Hübener 《Strahlentherapie und Onkologie》1992,168(12):698-702
The treatment planning for radiotherapy with fast neutrons requires modifications of the planning systems used for photons. The neutron- and photon-component of the treatment fields must be determined and can then be used for separate calculations. The corrections for inhomogeneities are performed by use of attenuation coefficients and the corresponding corrections for changes in the kerma. The treatment planning system MEVAPLAN (Siemens) was modified to follow these requirements. Thus treatment planning for 14 MeV DT-neutrons could be performed. The multiplanar option is used to calculate 3D-dose distributions based on up to 40 serial CT slices. The generated three-dimensional dose matrix and the CT data are transferred via magnetic tape to the visualization system VOXEL-MAN developed at the University Hospital of Hamburg. This system uses a ray casting algorithm based on the generalized Voxel-model to display detailed 3D-images of human anatomy together with the calculated dose distribution. Different treatment plans for neutrons and photons are calculated and visualized. Various manipulations of the data-sets are displayed to improve the critical examination of the simulated dose distribution and to discern the quality of treatment techniques. 相似文献