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1.
Persisting cough developed in three children treated with converting enzyme inhibitors. The symptoms disappeared within 3–7 days after withdrawing medication. These observations in children complement previous reports in adults and indicate that cough may be induced by treatment with these agents. 相似文献
2.
Yves de Roten Mlanie Fischer Martin Drapeau Vronique Beretta Ueli Kramer Nathalie Favre Jean‐Nicolas Despland 《Clinical psychology & psychotherapy》2004,11(5):324-331
Early therapeutic alliance is usually measured by the rating of a single session (between the third and the fifth sessions). However, there is a strong argument in favor of viewing early alliance as a developing process. This study examined the relationship between patient's rating of the helping alliance (HAq) at each session and therapy outcome. This comparison was repeated using patterns of alliance over the course of treatment. Patterns of therapeutic alliance development were detected by clustering ratings of a sample of N = 70 outpatients across four sessions of very brief psychotherapeutic intervention. Cluster analysis revealed two main patterns (shapes) of alliance development: (i) stable alliance, and (ii) linear growth pattern. These patterns are more predictive of symptom improvement and social adjustment than single ratings, whereas single ratings measuring the strength of alliance are more correlated with patient's satisfaction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Barbara Riond Marina L. Meli Ueli Braun Peter Deplazes Kaspar Joerger Rudolf Thoma Hans Lutz Regina Hofmann-Lehmann 《Comparative clinical pathology》2008,17(3):171-177
An outbreak of a fatal haemolytic anaemia in a dairy herd of cattle in Switzerland was shown to be associated with infections
with five vector-borne pathogens, namely Anaplasma marginale, A. phagocytophilum, Babesia bigemina, a Theileria spp belonging to the buffeli/sergenti/orientalis complex and haemotrophic Mycoplasma spp. The latter three had not been documented before this outbreak in Switzerland. To characterise the haematological and blood
chemical changes in these unique cows, packed cell volume was determined in all 286 blood samples, blood smears, and complete
haematology were performed from 285 and 173 blood samples, respectively, and biochemical parameters were assayed in 105 serum
samples. Regenerative anaemia was the key sign of illness. Red blood cells of anaemic cattle were hypochromic and macrocytic.
Anaemic animals had reduced platelet cell counts and increased total white cell counts. In addition, increased serum bilirubin,
blood aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamic dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen and decreased
magnesium, calcium and albumin levels were found in anaemic cattle when compared to animals with normal packed cell volume.
Most changes could not be attributed to a single infection. A. marginale seemed to be important in causing the outbreak, but co-infections may have aggravated the disease development and clinical
signs. Thus, when encountering cattle with haemolytic anaemia, all of the mentioned pathogens should be included as differential
diagnosis. 相似文献
4.
C. R. Caflisch S. Solomon W. R. Galey 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1979,380(2):121-125
An improvedpCO2 microelectrode has been evaluated and used to investigate whether a significant barrier to diffusion of CO2 exists in the rabbit pancreas. The results of this study show the improved Carter and CaflischpCO2 microelectrode to be an accurate and reliable tool for measuring pancreatic venous and ductalpCO2. The similarities betweenpCO2 values from the pancreatic ducts and small pancreatic veins suggest that there is no barrier to CO2 diffusion between small veins and exocrine ducts in the rabbit pancreas, and that ductalpCO2 is probably strongly influenced by the CO2 tension of the small pancreatic blood vessels. 相似文献
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Formerly, the disastrous cluster of neurologic deficits and associated neurogenic problems in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) was generally thought to solely result from the primary malformation, i.e., failure of neurulation. Today, however, there is no doubt that a dimensional additional pathogenic mechanism exists. Most likely, it contributes much more to loss of neurologic function than non-neurulation does. Today, there is a large body of compelling experimental and clinical evidence confirming that the exposed part of the non-neurulated spinal cord is progressively destroyed during gestation, particularly so in the third trimester. These considerations gave rise to the two-hit-pathogenesis of MMC with non-neurulation being the first and consecutive in utero acquired neural tissue destruction being the second hit. This novel pathophysiologic understanding has obviously triggered the question whether the serious and irreversible functional loss caused by the second hit could not be prevented or, at least, significantly alleviated by timely protecting the exposed spinal cord segments, i.e., by early in utero repair of the MMC lesion. Based on this intriguing hypothesis and the above-mentioned data, human fetal surgery for MMC was born in the late nineties of the last century and has made its way to become a novel standard of care, particularly after the so-called “MOMS Trial”. This trial, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, has indisputably shown that overall, open prenatal repair is distinctly better than postnatal care alone. Finally, a number of important other topics deserve being mentioned, including the necessity to work on the up till now immature endoscopic fetal repair technique and the need for concentration of these extremely challenging cases to a small number of really qualified fetal surgery centers worldwide. In conclusion, despite the fact that in utero repair of MMC is not a complete cure and not free of risk for both mother and fetus, current data clearly demonstrate that open fetal–maternal surgery is to be recommended as novel standard of care when pregnancy is to be continued and when respective criteria for the intervention before birth are met. Undoubtedly, it is imperative to inform expecting mothers about the option of prenatal surgery once their fetus is diagnosed with open spina bifida. 相似文献
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