职业接触氯乙烯对生殖功能影响的调查

对全国１２个城市中１３个聚氯乙烯制造工厂中２７３６名接触氯乙烯的工人及３４４２名对照厂工人，进行了生殖功能的流行病学调查研究，结果表明，接触氯乙烯男、女工人的各项生殖结局指标与对照组比较无显著性差异，但女工氯乙烯接触组妊娠合并症的发生率明显高于对照组，表明氯乙烯对女工的妊娠过程有一定影响，因此积极改善劳动条件，不仅对保护工人健康，而且对保护其子代的正常发育成长也有重要意义。     

消化道肿瘤血浆胃动素测定及其意义

作者报告经病理诊断消化道恶性肿瘤患者30例及手术切除肿瘤患者15例的血浆胃动素水平,并以健康成人31例作为对照。消化道恶性肿瘤的胃动素水平373.4±123.7ng/L,显著高于正常对照组(162.3±52.3ng/L,P<0.001),而消化道恶性肿瘤患者术前及术后胃动素水平无显著差异。消化道恶性肿瘤患者胃动素水平增高的原因可能是肿瘤刺激神经所致。胃癌和结肠癌细胞可产生胃泌素样物质,它可刺激胃动素的释放。     

硒和维生素C对白血病细胞增殖及细胞毒性的研究

目的本文主要研究硒和维生素Ｃ影响髓系与非髓系白血病细胞增殖及其细胞毒性的异同。方法体外培养髓系白血病细胞株ＨＬ６０及非髓系细胞株Ｋ５６２，培养时分别设Ｓｅ（５μｍ、８μｍ、１１μｍ）及ＶｉｔＣ（５μｍ、１０μｍ、１００μｍ）实验组及对照组，培养２４ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ后分别取样，利用台盼蓝拒染法进行细胞计数，绘制细胞生长曲线，并通过噻唑蓝比色分析法研究Ｓｅ及ＶｉｔＣ对ＨＬ６０、Ｋ５６２细胞毒性。结果细胞生长曲线显示：Ｓｅ（５～１１μｍ）及ＶｉｔＣ（５～１０μｍ）对ＨＬ６０、Ｋ５６２细胞增殖均有抑制作用。ＭＴＴ结果显示：Ｓｅ（５～１５μｍ）对两种细胞均有细胞毒性。ＶｉｔＣ（５～１０μｍ）对ＨＬ６０具有细胞毒性，而ＶｉｔＣ（５～１００μｍ）对于Ｋ５６２，短时间内毒性作用较明显，随作用时间延长而减弱。结论本实验结果提示：Ｓｅ及ＶｉｔＣ对髓系和非髓系白血病细胞增殖均有抑制作用，但ＶｉｔＣ对于ＨＬ６０和Ｋ５６２作用机制是不同的。这为白血病的化学预防和临床辅助治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

L-Ala-substituted rat galanin analogs distinguish between hypothalamic and jejunal galanin receptor subtypes

In order to explore which amino acids or which blocks of amino acids in the 29 amino acid neuropeptide galanin are important for recognition of the endogenous ligand by galanin receptor subtypes present in the jejunum and in the hypothalamus, respectively, we have carried out L-Ala substitutions of individual amino acids or of blocks of amino acids in the rat galanin sequence and examined the binding of the obtained analogs to the rat hypothalamic and jejunal galanin receptor subtypes. This study reveals that the galanin sequence YLLGPH^9–14 is essential for recognition of galanin by both the rat hypothalamic and jejunal galanin receptor subtypes. Substitution of the N-terminal amino acids, GWTL^1–4, leads to total loss of affinity of galanin for both hypothalamic and jejunal galanin receptors. The α-helical C-terminal amino acid (25–29) part of galanin has no greater influence on the affinity of galanin to the hypothalamic galanin receptor subtype. L-Ala substitution of the C-terminal amino acids of galanin KHGLT^25–29 shows, however, that this C-terminal motif is essential for the recognition by the jejunal galanin receptor subtype, whereas amino acids in the middle portion of galanin NSAG^5–8 are of importance for binding to the hypothalamic but not to the jejunal receptor. [Ala^5–8] Galanin thus has a more than 100-fold higher affinity to jejunal receptor than to the hypothalamic receptor, while [Ala^25–29] galanin has a more than 100-fold higher affinity for the hypothalamic than for jejunal galanin receptor subtypes. pH dependence of the galanin binding to these receptor subtypes is also different. © Munksgaard 1997.     

腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄的手术治疗

报告手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并退行性腰椎管狭窄症１０４例。术后随访９０例，随诊时６个月～６年。优良率８６．５％，无腰椎不稳和腰椎滑脱等并发症。为获得优良效果，作者强调在处理椎间盘突出的同时必须彻底解除侧隐窝及神经根管，黄韧带肥厚对神经根的压迫，才能彻底根除症状     

Photodynamic therapy inhibits transforming growth factor β activity associated with vascular smooth muscle cell injury

Purpose: The multifunctional cytokine, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), plays an important role in the development of injury-associated intimal hyperplasia (IH). Strategies to suppress local TGF-β activity may have a clinical potential to prevent restenosis caused by IH. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the local generation of cytotoxic free radicals by light activation of photosensitizer dyes and has been shown to inhibit experimental IH. This study investigated whether PDT-generated free radicals can affect TGF-β activity in a biologic system using vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).Methods: The release and activation of TGF-β by injured SMCs in culture was compared between mechanical injury and PDT. Mechanical injury was induced with a rubber policeman, and PDT was performed with the photosensitizer chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (5 μg/ml) and 675 nm laser light at subtherapeutic 10 J/cm² and the in vivo therapeutic dose of 100 J/cm². Cell viability was assessed by the tetrazolium salt conversion assay, and active and total (active + latent) TGF-β was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the conditioned media of SMCs 24 hours after treatment. Functional TGF-β activity was assessed by inhibition of endothelial cell mitogenesis.Results: Both forms of injury severely reduced (p < 0.0005) SMC viability to less than 15%. In untreated SMC conditioned media, only 14.5% of the total TGF-β was active (27.7 ± 8.7 pg per 1 × 10⁵ cells). However, after mechanical injury and PDT with 10 J/cm², there was a significant increase (p < 0.02) in active TGF-β (60.1 ± 10.1 pg and 48.6 ± 21.0 pg, respectively), despite a total reduction of approximately 50%. In contrast to this result, PDT with 100 J/cm² did not result in increased levels of active TGF-β (8.1 ± 3.5 pg), despite having similar levels of total TGF-β. Consequently, the conditioned media of SMCs that had 100 J/cm² PDT did not inhibit endothelial cell mitogenesis as compared with the conditioned media of SMCs with mechanical injury and 10 J/cm² PDT (p < 0.0002).Conclusions: This report describes two novel findings: (1) injury to SMCs in vitro induces the conversion of biologically latent TGF-β to active TGF-β; and (2) the therapeutic PDT dose interferes with this injury activation process. This study substantiates the concept of local cytokine inhibition by PDT in a biologic system and provides new insights into the mechanisms of PDT-mediated inhibition of experimental IH. (J Vasc Surg 1997;25:1033-43.)     

Guidelines for the collection, processing and storage of human bone marrow and peripheral stem cells for transplantation

SUMMARY. There are no current U.K. or international guidelines or regulations covering the production, processing and storage of haemopoietic cells such as to allow their engraftment following myeloablative therapy. This paper seeks to provide such guidelines. It enumerates how quality control and assurance can be applied to this area of transfusion medicine; procedural steps relating to bone marrow harvest on peripheral blood stem cell collection are outlined and recommended doses of nucleated cells suggested for both procedures. General specifications for identification, storage and transportation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells are included and specific laboratory procedures related to the provision of haemopoietic cells for engraftment are outlined. Umbilical cord blood transplants and long-term bone marrow culture are alluded to but these are still in a research phase.     

三硝基甲苯血红蛋白加合物的竞争抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验测定

建立了竞争抑制性酶联免疲吸附试验方法(CI—ELISA)以定量测定三硝基甲苯(TNT)血红蛋白加合物,该法的线性范围0.5 ng·ml~(-1)～1μg·ml~(-1),每个样品最小可测值为0.05 ng;批内变异系数8.0％左右,批间变异系数约为15.0％;正常大鼠血浆和血红蛋白溶液中外加2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲笨(2A)或4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯(4A)的回收率为84～101％,用此法首次检测TNT染毒大鼠中血红蛋白加合物,证实TNT血红蛋白加舍物水平与染毒剂量之间有明显的依赖关系,并可存留较长时间;反复染毒时,血红蛋白中2A,4A量有明显蓄积现象。