全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1113篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 46篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 89篇 |
口腔科学 | 31篇 |
临床医学 | 83篇 |
内科学 | 366篇 |
皮肤病学 | 23篇 |
神经病学 | 112篇 |
特种医学 | 15篇 |
外科学 | 201篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 13篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 62篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 85篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 39篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 90篇 |
2011年 | 72篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 65篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 49篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1913年 | 1篇 |
1905年 | 1篇 |
1894年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1162条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
G Bussone L La Mantia E A Parati F Frediani E Lamperti A Boiardi C Peccarisi A M Tortorano M A Viviani 《European neurology》1986,25(4):256-261
A case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, as presented by a hypertensive hydrocephalus, is described. To our knowledge, this is the 24th case described in Italy since 1953. The diagnosis was made with ventricular fluid examination: the patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, thus avoiding the risks of surgical treatment of hydrocephalus. Early diagnosis and proper therapy are necessary in order to decrease the high lethality of cryptococcosis. 相似文献
2.
Free anterolateral thigh flap versus free forearm flap: Functional results in oral reconstruction. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F Farace V E E Fois Andrea Manconi A Puddu F Stomeo A Tullio F Meloni G Pisanu C Rubino 《Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery》2007,60(6):583-587
Nowadays, microsurgery performed for oral reconstruction of cancer patients, has become the standard treatment in restoring oral functions. The free radial forearm flap (FRFF) is still apparently the first reconstructive choice in oral cavity cancers. Recently the anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) seemed to challenge the superiority of FRFF. The lack of functional data on which to base this recent supposition is the reason for this new research. Twenty reconstructed patients were enrolled for this study. Speech, swallowing, and donor site complications were studied to assess differences between the two techniques. Results show that difference in function between ALTF and FRFF groups is statistically insignificant. Donor site risks and complications seem to be the only variables among groups. These variables may be used as indicators when making a surgical choice. 相似文献
3.
Anna Di Landro Lorenzo Marchesi Luigi Naldi Teresio Motta Tullio Cainelli 《Pediatric dermatology》1997,14(6):449-452
Abstract: Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is a variant of mycosis fungoides characterized by the presence of hypopigmented patches as the sole manifestation of the disease. It has been described aimost always in young black or dark-skinned patients. The only white patient described was a 64-year-oid woman who not oniy had hypopigmented lesions, but also nodular lesions with lymphadenopathy. We describe hypopigmented lesions arising in a white boy 12 years of age, born in northern Italy, without any foreign ancestors. The microscopic alterations, with epidermotropism, the immunoiogic markers, the negativity of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement, and the good response to PUVA therapy correspond to the main findings in black patients with this disease. Long-term follow-up of these patients is important to obtain better knowledge of the natural history of the disorder, Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides must now be included in the differential diagnosis of hypopigmented macular lesions not only in black or dark-skinned patients but also in white patients. 相似文献
4.
Propene was polymerised at high temperatures (up to 90 °C) using rac‐[Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐(α‐naphthyl)‐1‐Ind)2]ZrCl2/MAO as the catalytic system. The increasing deactivation reaction rate of the catalyst for polymerisations above 60 °C was less for a silica supported catalyst compared with the homogeneous one. The isotacticity of polypropene decreases from 99 to 96%. Also the morphology changes with different temperatures.
5.
Patients' use of a newly prescribed inhaler was evaluated on the basis of pulmonary function test (PFT) results and the number of steps of an 11-step inhaler sequence that were completed correctly. Adult male outpatients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were assigned to a counseled (n = 10) or noncounseled (n = 9) group. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. The counseled group was instructed by a pharmacist on the correct use of the inhaler; the noncounseled group was not. Counseled patients had a significantly higher mean percentage change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after inhaler use than did the noncounseled group. The mean number of steps missed was significantly greater for the noncounseled group, and there was a significant negative correlation between the number of steps missed and the percentage change in FEV1. Evaluation of the 11-step inhaler sequence identified three steps ("shake the inhaler," "use one puff at a time," and "shake between puffs") that correlated with PFT results and appeared to contribute to improved bronchodilation. Of the five patients who achieved adequate response, only four (all in the counseled group) performed these steps correctly. Instruction with demonstration and practice resulted in better patient understanding and performance of the correct steps for inhaler use, with improved bronchodilation as measured by PFTs. 相似文献
6.
Edoardo Conticini Paolo Falsetti Marco Bardelli Luca Cantarini Bruno Frediani 《Reumatologia》2021,59(2):121
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large-vessel vasculitis, typically affecting the aorta and its branches. The involvement of vertebral and internal carotid arteries occurs in a limited number of cases, and stroke as a presenting symptom of GCA is extremely unusual: this subset of the disease has a poor prognosis and rarely responds to immunosuppression.We report the case of a 70-year-old woman, who presented to the Emergency Department for ischemic stroke, which appeared to be the first and only symptom of GCA. The prompt administration of steroids and tocilizumab (TCZ) led to clinical and radiological resolution, with no residual disability at 6-month follow-up.Our case-based review, highlighting the rarity of a large vessel vasculitis presenting only with a cerebrovascular accident, provides new evidence for the efficacy of TCZ even in more unusual varieties of GCA: in these cases, TCZ should be immediately prescribed, in order to prevent mortality and severe long-term morbidity. 相似文献
7.
SMC1 involvement in fragile site expression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Musio A Montagna C Mariani T Tilenni M Focarelli ML Brait L Indino E Benedetti PA Chessa L Albertini A Ried T Vezzoni P 《Human molecular genetics》2005,14(4):525-533
Common fragile sites have been involved in neoplastic transformation, although their molecular basis is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of the SMC1 by RNAi is sufficient to induce fragile site expression. By investigating normal, ATM- and ATR-deficient cell lines, we provide evidence that the contribution of SMC1 in preventing the collapse of stalled replication fork is an Atr-dependent pathway. Using a fluorescent antibody specific for gamma-H2AX, we show that very rare discrete nuclear foci appear 1 and 2 h after exposure to aphidicolin and/or RNAi-SMC1, but became more numerous and distinct after longer treatment times. In this context, fragile sites might be viewed as an in vitro phenomenon originating from double-strand breaks formed because of a stalled DNA replication that lasted too long to be managed by physiological rescue acting through the Atr/Smc1 axis. We propose that in vivo, following an extreme replication block, rare cells could escape checkpoint mechanisms and enter mitosis with a defect in genome assembly, eventually leading to neoplastic transformation. 相似文献
8.
Intrathyroidal lymphocytes from non toxic multinodular goiter: no evidence for production of thyroid stimulating antibodies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although an autoimmune pathogenesis for non toxic goiter has been suggested, reports concerning circulating antibodies to TSH receptor structures have been conflicting. Intra thyroid lymphocytes, capable of secreting IgG, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases; therefore, the ability of conditioned media obtained from intra thyroid lymphocyte culture, and of IgG purified from these media, to stimulate cAMP accumulation and [3H]-Thymidine (TdR) uptake in FRTL-5 cells was investigated. The activity of IgG produced "in vitro" was compared with that of circulating IgG. Thyroid tissue samples were obtained at surgery from 21 patients with non toxic multinodular goiter (MNG), 5 patients with active Graves' disease (GD), and from 10 normal subjects, undergoing neck surgery for non-thyroidal pathology. IgG purified from media of GD lymphocyte cultures stimulated both cAMP accumulation and [3H]-TdR in 5 out of 5 cases: all of the IgG purified from control or MNG lymphocyte culture media was not active in either assay. Circulating IgG did not affect cAMP accumulation or [3H]-TdR in any of the non toxic MNG cases: controls showed no changed at all. However, both activities represented were increased by GD IgG. Conditioned media from intra thyroid lymphocyte cultures significantly inhibited basal cAMP accumulation in 7 out of the 21 non toxic MNG samples and totally abolished the response in all GD patients. [3H]-TdR was not affected by IgG of any of the controls, but it had an inhibitory effect on 8 out of 21 non toxic MNG patients, and significantly stimulated [3H]-TdR in all GD patients. In conclusion, present data demonstrate that intra thyroid lymphocytes from non toxic MNG do not produce antibodies capable of mimicking TSH actions through the adenylate cyclase cascade. Conversely, soluble factors interacting in TSH-mediated functions of FRTL-5 cells are present in conditioned media of intra thyroid lymphocytes of GD and MNG thyroid lymphocytes of GD and MNG thyroid cultures. 相似文献
9.
Rundek T Di Tullio MR Sciacca RR Titova IV Mohr JP Homma S Sacco RL 《Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation》1999,30(12):2683-2686
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aortic arch atheromas (AAs) have been shown to be a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) in the elderly because of their potential for cerebral embolization. However, the association between AAs and the presence of cerebral microemboli has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to determine whether large AAs are associated with an increased frequency of high-intensity transient signals (HITS) in elderly patients with IS. METHODS: We performed bitemporal simultaneous HITS monitoring of both middle cerebral arteries in 62 consecutive elderly patients with acute IS (mean age 72.5+/-8.8 years, 65% men). In 16 patients, one or both temporal windows were inadequate; therefore, the analysis of HITS was performed in the remaining 46 patients. All patients underwent omniplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and they had no significant extracranial or intracranial artery disease and no cardiac prosthetic valves. Large AA was defined as > or = 4 mm in thickness. Complex AA was defined as ulcerated or mobile, regardless of plaque thickness. HITS monitoring was performed within 24 hours of TEE and analyzed by an experienced neurologist-sonographer blinded to TEE findings. A 9-dB threshold was chosen to discriminate HITS from background Doppler signal. The HITS counts in the left and in the right middle cerebral arteries were added and reported as a total number of HITS in 30 minutes. RESULTS: HITS were detected in 14 (78%) of 18 patients with large AAs versus 8 (29%) of 28 patients with no or small AAs (odds ratio [OR] 8.8, 95% CI 2.2 to 34.8; P=0. 001). The association was also present in 27 patients with no other cardiac embolic sources, such as atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, spontaneous echo contrast, and thrombus (7 of 10 patients with large AAs versus 3 of 17 patients with small or no AA; OR 10.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 68.5; P=0.013). Complex AAs were associated with a higher frequency of HITS than were noncomplex AAs (6 of 6 patients with complex AAs versus 15 of 39 patients with noncomplex AAs; OR 2. 6, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.9; P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: HITS are significantly associated with large AAs in elderly stroke patients. This observation may support the causal role of large AAs in IS. 相似文献
10.
U. Frediani L. Becherini L. Lasagni A. Tanini M. L. Brandi MD PhD 《Osteoporosis international》1996,6(1):14-21
Using a clonal cell line of human osteoclast precursors (FLG 29.1 cells), that after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) show many functional characteristics of osteoclasts, we demonstrated that catecholamines act as inducers of osteoclast maturation in vitro and as stimulators of osteoclast activity via the binding to 2 adrenergic receptors. Scatchard analysis of125I-labelled iodocyano-pindolol to untreated (undifferentiated) or TPA-treated (differentiated) FLG 29.1 cells revealed the presence of a single high-affinity site with aK
d
value around 24 pM and 8 pM respectively and with superimposable binding capacity (1.18 fmol/mg protein). Catecholamines increased in a dose-dependent fashion the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in both undifferentiated and TPA-treated FLG 29.1 cells. Pretreatment of untreated and TPA-treated FLG 29.1 cells with propranolol inhibited the catecholamine effect on cAMP accumulation, while pretreatment with clonidine had no effect. Catecholamines also reduced cell proliferation, increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity, interleukin 6 (IL-6) production, multinuclearity and response to salmon calcitonin (sCT) in undifferentiated FLG 29.1 cells. In differentiated FLG 29.1 cells only IL-6 release was induced by catecholamine treatment. These findings support a potential role for catecholamines in modulating osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclast activity. 相似文献