Methodology to develop a geometric modeling process according to collaborative constraints

A product design goes through a Digital Mock-Up which is based on the product geometric model. This latter has an important role in the design project whose exploitation mainly depends on how it has been established (DELPHI Automotive Systems, Delphi met á plat ses arborescences, CADReport no. 192, février, 2004). Furthermore, the growing competitive context hardly encourages firms to implement new working methods like collaborative engineering. However, its implementation in combination with product geometric data generates many problems in terms of project and data management. For this purpose, this article proposes a methodological solution to the problem at hand. Moreover the problem gets complicated as the project progresses. As a result, the detailed design phase becomes critical particularly in the face of this problem. Therefore, the current article focuses on this phase of the product design process through an example.     

Variation management by functional tolerance allocation and manufacturing process selection

The imperfections of the manufacturing process lead to functional characteristics degradation, and therefore product quality. To ensure a certain level of product quality, the synthesis of tolerance (tolerance design) aims to determine the acceptable limits of the characteristics of parts, assemblies... The allocation or synthesis of functional tolerances is an important step in the design process which takes place generally during the detailed design and greatly impacts the design of the manufacturing process, manufacturing and product control. That is why it is important, when functional tolerances are quantified, to take into account their impacts on the manufacturing cost and product quality. These two concepts (manufacturing cost and product quality) are usually considered as conflicting goals. The proposed approach aims to allocate the functional tolerances that provide the best ratio between functional performances and manufacturing cost. It is based on the “Key Characteristics” approach, developed by Boeing coupled with an activities approach. This optimization is carried out by a genetic algorithm. The process selection is performed by a constraint satisfaction algorithm. Finally, the impacts of process choices are assessed with the Monte Carlo simulation which calculates the behavior and quality of the resulting product.     

兰尼定对大鼠平滑肌细胞的肾上腺素能作用(英文)

电场刺激后释放的内源性去甲肾上腺素可引起大鼠输精管的双相收缩。初始的短暂收缩可被30μmol/L兰尼定和2μmol/L硝苯啶减弱,而后继的收缩部分可被2μmol/L硝苯啶消除,但被30μmol/L兰尼定增强。 外加的去甲肾上腺素也可产生输精管的双相收缩,这两相都能被2 μmol/L硝苯啶抑制,兰尼定30μmol/L可使两个相的收缩都减弱50％。我们推测兰尼定的结合位点在输精管的内质网。兰尼定对α-肾上腺素能刺激的不同相的作用不一致,表明对α-肾上腺素能的刺激一收缩偶合有两种方式。     

Aged venous thrombi: radioimmunoimaging with fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody

Radioimmunoimaging of fresh canine venous thrombi with a murine monoclonal antibody specific for human and dog fibrin has been reported. Successful imaging of canine deep venous thrombi 1, 3, and 5 days old at the time of antibody injection is reported. Images were positive in all dogs, and the uptake of fibrin-specific antibody was equivalent to that of fresh thrombi.     

携带LacZ的腺病毒载体在牵引骨痂局部转染成纤维细胞和成骨细胞的表达

目的:利用小鼠胫骨牵引成骨动物模型,在牵引成骨过程中局部给予携带了LacZ的腺病毒载体后观察其表达情况,以探讨基因治疗促进骨折愈合的可行性。方法:实验于2004-10/2006-01在中南大学湘雅三医院完成。①实验分组:取雄性8周龄CD-1小鼠20只,随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各10只。②实验方法:所有小鼠接受左胫骨中上段骨干横行截骨安置特制延长外固定架,胫骨牵引过程包括5d静止期,10d牵引期,牵引速率为0.1mm/次,2次/d,共0.2mm/d。牵引期第7天实验组牵引骨痂局部注射5μL携带了LacZ的腺病毒载体,对照组局部注入等量未含LacZ腺病毒液。③实验评估:注射后第3天麻醉后杀取动物,采集左胫骨标本,分别作组织学检查和组织化学分析。结果:纳入小鼠20只,均进入结果分析。在牵引第10天,牵引骨痂中纤维间区形成,两端的新生骨由骨折两端中心生长延伸。骨髓腔内外可见大量新生骨形成。X-Gal底物染色显示,在实验组新生骨组织内可见大量细胞呈阳性染色;而对照组未发现阳性染色细胞。结论:在牵引成骨过程中,骨痂局部注射携带LacZ的腺病毒,能成功转染局部的成纤维细胞及成骨细胞,并表达LacZ基因,为临床应用基因治疗促进骨牵引延长或骨折愈合提供可行性。