Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic oral health transformation project

The Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic (YVFWC) is one of the largest community health centers in the country with clinics throughout south-central Washington and northern Oregon. Its dental program consists of 14 dental clinics providing general and specialty services to the low-income populations it serves. Modeling itself after the YVFWC medical managed care program; the Dental program recently added value-based metrics to its dental practice after Oregon offered a value-based dental reimbursement plan in 2019. This is the first-step YVFWC's dental program that has taken to prepare for value-based reimbursement and transform its dental practice in order to reduce the disease burden in its patient population. The purpose of this article is to describe the processes YVFWC undertook to prepare itself for the new reimbursement model, which included the development of metrics, a metric validation process, a clinical dashboard, and a method for improving metrics. It also outlines its medical/dental integration improvement brought about by embedding hygienists into the medical primary care teams.     

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in adults undergoing bariatric surgery

Background

A history of childhood maltreatment and psychopathology are common in adults with obesity.

Acute psychoses: A proposed diagnosis for ICD-11 and DSM-V

This paper concerns the diagnostic classification of nonaffective acute remitting psychosis (NARP), which we also term acute brief psychosis. We argue that NARP can be delineated from both schizophrenia and the affective psychoses and considered as a single diagnosis. As indicated by the term NARP, four criteria would be central to the diagnosis: 1. nonaffective, 2. acute onset (over less than two weeks), 3. recovery within a brief duration (less than six months), and 4. psychosis broadly defined. We review the rationale and the empirical evidence for this proposed classification.     

Antibody reactivity to a synthetic peptide (P62) of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in sera of patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measured IgG antiboody titers againt a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from the glycine-alanine repeating region of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear associated antigen 1 (EBNA-1). Antibody titers were determined in sera from 15 normal subjects, sera from 21 normal male siblings of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) patients, from 20 XLP patients comprising a total of 42 samples, and ten samples before and ten samples after gamma-globulin therapy in ten patients with XLP. Data analysis demonstrated that while there are differences between the ELISA and ACIF, they appear to measure a similar response as demonstrated by their correlation coefficient (0.77) and the GMT to EBNA observed by both methods. No cross-reactivity of cytomegalovirus antibodies to the EBNA-1 peptide was observed by immunobv using adsorption against AD-169 infected MRC-5 cells.. However, non-specific binding was observed if samples were not pre-incubated in a 10% goat serum PBS-Tween 20 solution. This pre-treatment removed the non-specific binding that falsely elevated GMT in approximately 15% of both normal and XLP samples in ELISA. The ELISA system appears to be a sensitive, reproducible and objective test that may be useful for assessing the antibody responses of patients to the EBNA-1 protein.     

Aflatoxin B1--DNA adduct formation in rat liver following exposure by aerosol inhalation.

There is growing concern that human exposure to respirable grain dust contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogen, may be a risk factor for a number of human diseases. The objective of this study was to determine if liver DNA adduct formation occurs in rats following either intratracheal injection or nose-only aerosol inhalation exposure to AFB1. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by both routes of administration, and in preliminary data using intratracheal instillation, up to 2% of the administered dose became bound to liver DNA. In the nose-only aerosol inhalation experiments, rats were exposed for up to 120 min. Immediately after exposure, four animals were killed at each time point and their livers removed, DNA isolated and purified and analyzed for aflatoxin-DNA adducts by HPLC. A linear dose-response relationship was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 between increasing length of exposure, and the amount of aflatoxin-N7-guanine adducts formed per mg DNA, the mean values and standard errors were 4.2 +/- 0.18, 15.3 +/- 4.3, 21.6 +/- 2.8 and 56.8 +/- 4.6 pmol aflatoxin-DNA adducts per mg DNA for the 20, 40, 60 and 120 min exposures respectively. The amounts of aflatoxin-DNA adducts formed were statistically significantly different (P less than 0.01) among the treated groups. These results indicate that aerosol inhalation is an effective route of exposure to AFB1 in rats that results in genotoxic damage in the liver.     

Transfer of the HIV-1 cyclophilin-binding site to simian immunodeficiency virus from Macaca mulatta can confer both cyclosporin sensitivity and cyclosporin dependence

HIV-1 specifically incorporates the peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CyPA), the cytosolic receptor for the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). HIV-1 replication is inhibited by CsA as well as by nonimmunosuppressive CsA analogues that bind to CyPA and interfere with its virion association. In contrast, the related simian immunodeficiency virus SIV_mac, which does not interact with CyPA, is resistant to these compounds. The incorporation of CyPA into HIV-1 virions is mediated by a specific interaction between the active site of the enzyme and the capsid (CA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. We report here that the transfer of HIV-1 CA residues 86–93, which form part of an exposed loop, to the corresponding position in SIV_mac resulted in the efficient incorporation of CyPA and conferred an HIV-1-like sensitivity to a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin. HIV-1 CA residues 86–90 were also sufficient to transfer the ability to efficiently incorporate CyPA, provided that the length of the CyPA-binding loop was preserved. However, the resulting SIV_mac mutant required the presence of cyclosporin for efficient virus replication. The results indicate that the presence or absence of a type II tight turn adjacent to the primary CyPA-binding site determines whether CyPA incorporation enhances or inhibits viral replication. By demonstrating that CyPA-binding-site residues can induce cyclosporin sensitivity in a heterologous context, this study provides direct in vivo evidence that the exposed loop between helices IV and V of HIV-1 CA not merely constitutes a docking site for CyPA but is a functional target of this cellular protein.