A leg ulcer as manifestation of metastatic squamous cell vaginal carcinoma

Cutaneous metastasis of vaginal carcinoma is extremely rare. So far, the total number of reported skin metastasis of vaginal carcinoma is only one. We present another case with an unusual manifestation of vagina carcinoma metastasis: skin metastasis presenting as a leg ulcer on the lower leg.     

Functional and metabolic effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine in the perfused working rat heart

The effects of bupivacaine (2.5, 5, 10, and 12.5 mg/L) and lidocaine (12.5, 25, 40, and 50 mg/L), on spontaneous heart rate, mean pressure development, cardiac output, and coronary flow were compared after 15 minutes' exposure in the isolated perfused working rat heart preparation. In addition, myocardial oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, lactate production, tissue content of glycogen, adenine nucleotides, and creatine phosphate content were measured. The relative potency of bupivacaine to lidocaine, calculated from slopes of regression equations, as indicated by the four mechanical variables and oxygen consumption, was 4.59. When the bupivacaine concentration was "normalized" using this value, bupivacaine and lidocaine showed indistinguishable effects on glucose utilization, lactate production, and tissue glycogen. Neither of the local anesthetics had any influence on energy charge or creatine phosphate content.     

Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26

Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. We studied a large multi- generational family in which otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16 affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery. To locate the disease- causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis gene.