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排序方式: 共有359条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Ivan Koludarov Timothy N. W. Jackson Kartik Sunagar Amanda Nouwens Iwan Hendrikx Bryan G. Fry 《Toxins》2014,6(12):3582-3595
Research into snake venoms has revealed extensive variation at all taxonomic levels. Lizard venoms, however, have received scant research attention in general, and no studies of intraclade variation in lizard venom composition have been attempted to date. Despite their iconic status and proven usefulness in drug design and discovery, highly venomous helodermatid lizards (gila monsters and beaded lizards) have remained neglected by toxinological research. Proteomic comparisons of venoms of three helodermatid lizards in this study has unravelled an unusual similarity in venom-composition, despite the long evolutionary time (~30 million years) separating H. suspectum from the other two species included in this study (H. exasperatum and H. horridum). Moreover, several genes encoding the major helodermatid toxins appeared to be extremely well-conserved under the influence of negative selection (but with these results regarded as preliminary due to the scarcity of available sequences). While the feeding ecologies of all species of helodermatid lizard are broadly similar, there are significant morphological differences between species, which impact upon relative niche occupation. 相似文献
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Noor Sahirah Muhazeli Nur Azmah Nordin Ubaid Ubaidillah Saiful Amri Mazlan Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Nurhazimah Nazmi Iwan Yahya 《Materials》2020,13(24)
Conventional polyurethane foam has non-tunable sound absorption properties. Here, a magneto-induced foam, called magnetorheological (MR) foam, was fabricated with the feature of being able to tune sound absorption properties, primarily from the middle- to higher-frequency ranges. Three different samples of MR foams were fabricated in situ by varying the concentration of Carbonyl Iron Particles (CIPs) (0, 35, and 75 wt.%). The magnetization properties and tunable sound absorption characteristics were evaluated. From the magnetic saturation properties, the results showed very narrow and small coercivity of hysteresis loops relative to the soft magnetic properties of the CIPs. MR foam with 75 wt.% CIPs showed a higher magnetic saturation at 91.350 emu/g compared to MR foam with 35 wt.% CIPs at 63.896 emu/g. For tunable sound absorption testing, the effect of ‘shifting’ to higher frequency was also observed when the magnetic field was applied, which was ~10 Hz for MR foam with 35 wt.% CIPs and ~130 Hz for MR foam with 75 wt.% CIPs. As the latest evolution of semi-active noise control materials, the results from this study are valuable guidance for the advancement of MR-based devices. 相似文献
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Gijs Kooij Kathrin Kopplin Rosel Blasig Marchel Stuiver Nathalie Koning Gera Goverse Susanne M. A. van der Pol Bert van het Hof Maik Gollasch Joost A. R. Drexhage Arie Reijerkerk Iwan C. Meij Reina Mebius Thomas E. Willnow Dominik Müller Ingolf E. Blasig Helga E. de Vries 《Acta neuropathologica》2014,128(2):267-277
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder, which is marked by the invasion of the central nervous system by monocyte-derived macrophages and autoreactive T cells across the brain vasculature. Data from experimental animal models recently implied that the passage of leukocytes across the brain vasculature is preceded by their traversal across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus. The correlation between the presence of leukocytes in the CSF of patients suffering from MS and the number of inflammatory lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging suggests that inflammation at the choroid plexus contributes to the disease, although in a yet unknown fashion. We here provide first insights into the involvement of the choroid plexus in the onset and severity of the disease and in particular address the role of the tight junction protein claudin-3 (CLDN3) in this process. Detailed analysis of human post-mortem brain tissue revealed a selective loss of CLDN3 at the choroid plexus in MS patients compared to control tissues. Importantly, mice that lack CLDN3 have an impaired BCSFB and experience a more rapid onset and exacerbated clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which coincides with enhanced levels of infiltrated leukocytes in their CSF. Together, this study highlights a profound role for the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and implies that CLDN3 may be regarded as a crucial and novel determinant of BCSFB integrity. 相似文献
7.
T Breiderhoff N Himmerkus M Stuiver K Mutig C Will IC Meij S Bachmann M Bleich TE Willnow D Müller 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(35):14241-14246
In the kidney, tight junction proteins contribute to segment specific selectivity and permeability of paracellular ion transport. In the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop, chloride is reabsorbed transcellularly, whereas sodium reabsorption takes transcellular and paracellular routes. TAL salt transport maintains the concentrating ability of the kidney and generates a transepithelial voltage that drives the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium. Thus, functionality of TAL ion transport depends strongly on the properties of the paracellular pathway. To elucidate the role of the tight junction protein claudin-10 in TAL function, we generated mice with a deletion of Cldn10 in this segment. We show that claudin-10 determines paracellular sodium permeability, and that its loss leads to hypermagnesemia and nephrocalcinosis. In isolated perfused TAL tubules of claudin-10-deficient mice, paracellular permeability of sodium is decreased, and the relative permeability of calcium and magnesium is increased. Moreover, furosemide-inhibitable transepithelial voltage is increased, leading to a shift from paracellular sodium transport to paracellular hyperabsorption of calcium and magnesium. These data identify claudin-10 as a key factor in control of cation selectivity and transport in the TAL, and deficiency in this pathway as a cause of nephrocalcinosis. 相似文献
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Douglas-Jones AG Denson JL Cox AC Harries IB Stevens G 《Journal of clinical pathology》2007,60(3):295-298
AIM: To identify and review cases of false negative needle core biopsy (NCB) in the preoperative investigation of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion (RS/CSL) lesions - that is, benign NCB from RS/CSL which contained malignancy on excision. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11 false negative NCB in RS/CSL lesions from 281 (3.9%) were identified (6 cases: B1, 2 cases: B2 and 3 cases: B3). In 6 of 11 cases a radial scar or stromal sclerosis was seen in NCB. Localisation biopsy showed duct carcinoma in situ in six cases, duct carcinoma in situ with invasive carcinoma in three and invasive carcinoma in two. In all 11 cases, needle tracks were identified as missing the malignant epithelium by a mean of 5 mm (median:4 mm; range:1-20 mm). In 9 of 11 cases, the malignancy was missed by <6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Despite evidence of accurate targeting of lesions, the use of NCB instead of fine needle aspiration cytology has not eliminated the problem of false negative biopsy in RS/CSL, and excision is recommended. 相似文献
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Williams IA Xiao XH Ju YK Allen DG 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2007,454(6):903-912
Intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) rises in the heart during ischemia, and on reperfusion, there is a transient rise followed by a return toward control. These
changes in [Na+]i contribute to ischemic and reperfusion damage through their effects on Ca2+ overload. Part of the rise of [Na+]i during ischemia may be caused by increased activity of the cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1), activated by the ischemic rise in [H+]i. In support of this view, NHE1 inhibitors reduce the [Na+]i rise during ischemia. Another possibility is that the rise of [Na+]i during ischemia is caused by Na+ influx through channels. We have reexamined these issues by use of two different NHE1 inhibitors, amiloride, and zoniporide,
in addition to tetrodotoxin (TTX), which blocks voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. All three drugs produced cardioprotection after ischemia, but amiloride (100 μM) and TTX (300 nM) prevented the
rise in [Na+]i during ischemia, whereas zoniporide (100 nM) did not. Both amiloride and zoniporide prevented the rise of [Na+]i on reperfusion, whereas TTX was without effect. In an attempt to explain these differences, we measured the ability of the
three drugs to block Na+ currents. At the concentrations used, TTX reduced the transient Na+ current (I
Na) by 11 ± 2% while amiloride and zoniporide were without effect. In contrast, TTX largely eliminated the persistent Na+ current (I
Na,P) and amiloride was equally effective, whereas zoniporide had a substantially smaller effect reducing I
Na,P to 41 ± 8%. These results suggest that part of the effect of NHE1 inhibitors on the [Na+]i during ischemia is by blockade of I
Na,P. The fact that a low concentration of TTX eliminated the rise of [Na+]i during ischemia suggests that I
Na,P is a major source of Na+ influx in this model of ischemia. 相似文献