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1.
SH Lee† CP Choi‡ HC Eun† OS Kwon† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(7):860-863
BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS: Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS: The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required. 相似文献
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Meg Sears C Robin Walker Richard HC van der Jagt Paul Claman 《Paediatrics & child health》2006,11(4):229-234
Pesticide regulation is examined in the context of Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency’s assessment of the chlorophenoxy herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for turf. 2,4-D is the most common herbicide used to kill weeds in grass.The medical literature does not uniformly indicate harms from herbicides. However, the balance of epidemiological research suggests that 2,4-D can be persuasively linked to cancers, neurological impairment and reproductive problems. These may arise from 2,4-D itself, from breakdown products or dioxin contamination, or from a combination of chemicals.Regulators rely largely on toxicology, but experiments may not replicate exposures from 2,4-D application to lawns because environmental breakdown products (eg, 2,4-dichlorophenol) may not accumulate and selected herbicides are possibly less contaminated. Dioxins are bioaccumulative chemicals that may cause cancer, harm neurological development, impair reproduction, disrupt the endocrine system and alter immune function. No dioxin analyses were submitted to the Pest Management Regulatory Agency, and the principal contaminants of 2,4-D are not among the 17 congeners covered in pesticide regulation. Independent assessment of all dioxins is needed, in tissues and in the environment.The 2,4-D assessment does not approach standards for ethics, rigour or transparency in medical research. Canada needs a stronger regulator for pesticides. Potentially toxic chemicals should not be registered when more benign solutions exist, risks are not clearly quantifiable or potential risks outweigh benefits. Until landscaping pesticides are curtailed nationally, local bylaws and Quebec’s Pesticide Code are prudent measures to protect public health. Physicians have a role in public education regarding pesticides. 相似文献
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M. S. Lima F. Kallfelz L. Krook P. W. Nathanielsz 《Calcified tissue international》1993,52(4):283-290
Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-term, low-calcium diet on fetal calcium metabolism and fetal
skeleton skeleton development in ewes. Eleven pregnant sheep were assigned to two groups, fed either a diet low in calcium
(0.26% total dry matter) or normal in calcium (0.8% total dry matter) for 2 months, starting at 60 days gestational age. The
ewes fed the low calcium diet showed lower plasma levels of calcium and higher plasma levels of hydroxyproline, parathyroid
hormone, and 1,25 (OH)2D compared with the ewes fed the normal calcium diet. There were no differences in these variables between the two groups
of fetuses. These observations suggest that the plasma components of calcium homeostasis measured in the fetal lamb in the
present study are independent of the ewe and are not significantly affected by the presence of lowere maternal calcium for
many weeks during pregnancy. Despite the ability of the fetus of the ewe on the low calcium diet to maintain relatively normal
circulating plasma components of calcium homeostasis, long-term maternal hypocalcemia delayed fetal skeletal ossification
as shown by histological examination of the fetal humerus. The fetal humerus from low calcium-fed ewes showed a lower proportion
of bone versus cartilage (45.6±5.9 versus 57.4±4.6%, mean ±SD) lower ash content (15.4±1.5 versus 17.4±1.0%), and lower specific
gravity (1.19±0.2 versus 1.22±0.02) (P<0.05) than the humerus from fetuses of normal calcium-fed ewes. This study shows that the long-term calcium intake of the
ewe does affect fetal skeletal development, despite a lack of observable effects on fetal plasma concentrations of calcium
or known calcium regulating hormones such as 1,25(OH)2D or parathyroid hormone. 相似文献
9.
34 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasties (BVP), including four repeat procedures, were performed in 30 patients (aged 3 months to 19.4 years, mean 5.8 years) with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. Out of six failures four were due to dysplastic thickened valves; in two children a significant part of obstruction was on the subvalvular level. After first BVP a significant reduction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient (mean 58.8 +/- 13.2%) was achieved in 24 of 30 cases. The mean pre-BVP RVOT gradient of 67 +/- 24.4 mm Hg was reduced to 27.2 +/- 10.2 mm Hg. Of 24 patients, 14 had a residual RVOT gradient of 25 mm Hg or less. Of the 24 patients, nine were recatheterized 12 to 24 months later, and a further RVOT gradient reduction (33.4 +/- 9.9 mm Hg to 24.2 +/- 14.5 mm Hg) was observed. In four patients additional RVOT gradient reduction (37.3 +/- 11.6 mm Hg to 18.5 +/- 10.5 mm Hg) was achieved by repeat BVP. Balloon size exceeded valve annulus diameter by up to 58% (mean 22%). No definite correlation between balloon size related to pulmonary valve annulus diameter and magnitude of right ventricular systolic pressure reduction was observed. Even using a maximal balloon size of 158%, no significant complications were noted, not even pulmonary valve insufficiency. 相似文献
10.
Junctional ectopic tachycardia is associated with a poor prognosis when it occurs in newborns and young infants. Like other automatic tachyarrhythmias, junctional ectopic tachycardia has been shown to be very resistant to medical treatment. Successful therapy with propafenone in a newborn with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia is presented. Due to its high effectiveness, safety, and lack of side-effects, propafenone appears to be a valuable drug in the treatment of young patients with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. 相似文献