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We used arthrotomography to study the glenoid labrum in 114 patients. Sixty-nine of the patients had anatomic instability of the shoulder (including recurrent dislocation and subluxation of the shoulder), and 45 patients had functional instability of the shoulder (denoted by chronic pain, clicking of the joint, and the sensation that an unstable condition exists without the objective signs of it). Labral tears were revealed arthrotomographically in 86% of the patients with anatomic instability, while only 40% of the patients with functional instability had labral abnormalities, and these were primarily of minor severity. Fifty-six patients (44 of whom had anatomic instability; 12, functional instability) required surgery. The surgical findings were correlated with the arthrotomographic findings, and no false-positive results were revealed. However, arthrotomography demonstrated only part of the pathologic condition of two patients. These results confirm that there is a strong correlation between labral pathologic conditions and anatomic instability of the shoulder. Arthrotomographic studies have a great impact on the selection of therapy in cases of both anatomic and functional instability of the shoulder. 相似文献
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J L Mulshine A M Keenan J A Carrasquillo T Walsh R I Linnoila O D Holton J Harwell S M Larson P A Bunn J N Weinstein 《Cancer research》1987,47(13):3572-3576
Despite improved resolution with new imaging techniques, surgical confirmation of mediastinal lymph node status is often required for reliable staging of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Recent scintigraphic studies suggest that s.c. administration of radiolabeled antibodies can be more efficient than the i.v. route for targeting regional lymph nodes in animals and humans. To determine if this approach could be applied to the lymphatics of the lung, we injected both specific and irrelevant radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies via a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope through the mucosa of lobar bronchi in normal dogs. The injected antibodies were expected to drain by way of local lymphatic vessels toward the central lymph nodes, in effect following the same pathway as do cells metastasizing to these nodes during early regional tumor dissemination. To accomplish this, anesthetized dogs were intubated and then coinjected with the two labeled antibodies [600 microCi/100 micrograms (total)] through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The animals were serially imaged and then autopsied 14-36 h after injection. Individual hilar and carinal nodes contained over 1% of the injected 131I-labeled specific antibody dose and the average selectivity was 2.5:1 with respect to a coinjected irrelevant IgG. Distant organs (mesenteric lymph node, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lung parenchyma other than the injection site) contained much less radioactivity, and those sites accumulated a greater fraction of the non-specific labeled antibody. The ratio of iodine-131 to iodine-125 counts between hilar/carinal lymph nodes and abdominal lymph nodes ranged from 15:1 to 100:1. These initial studies indicate efficient delivery of antibody to a subset of the regional nodes via pulmonary lymphatics. They suggest the feasibility of this technique which may be of use in the detection and perhaps therapy of human lung cancer metastases in regional lymph nodes. 相似文献
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Linkage of the MHC to familial multiple sclerosis suggests genetic heterogeneity. The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Haines JL; Terwedow HA; Burgess K; Pericak-Vance MA; Rimmler JB; Martin ER; Oksenberg JR; Lincoln R; Zhang DY; Banatao DR; Gatto N; Goodkin DE; Hauser SL 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(8):1229-1234
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the
central nervous system. While its etiology is not well understood, genetic
factors are clearly involved. Until recently, most genetic studies in MS
have been association studies using the case-control design testing
specific candidate genes and studying only sporadic cases. The only
consistently replicated finding has been an association with the HLA-DR2
allele within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6.
Using the genetic linkage design, however, evidence for and against linkage
of the MHC to MS has been found, fostering suggestions that sporadic and
familial MS have different etiologies. Most recently, two of four genomic
screens demonstrated linkage to the MHC, although specific allelic
associations were not tested. Here, a dataset of 98 multiplex families was
studied to test for an association to the HLA-DR2 allele in familial MS and
to determine if genetic linkage to the MHC was due solely to such an
association. Three highly polymorphic markers (HLA-DR, D6S273 and TNFbeta)
in the MHC demonstrated strong genetic linkage (parametric lod scores of
4.60, 2.20 and 1.24, respectively) and a specific association with the
HLA-DR2 allele was confirmed (TDT; P < 0.001). Stratifying the results
by HLA-DR2 status showed that the linkage results were limited to families
segregating HLA-DR2 alleles. These results demonstrate that genetic linkage
to the MHC can be explained by the HLA-DR2 allelic association. They also
indicate that sporadic and familial MS share a common genetic
susceptibility. In addition, preliminary calculations suggest that the MHC
explains between 17 and 62% of the genetic etiology of MS. This
heterogeneity is also supported by the minority of families showing no
linkage or association with loci within the MHC.
相似文献
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Serum pepsinogen I and gastrin concentrations in children positive for Helicobacter pylori. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
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G Oderda D Vaira D Dell''''Olio J Holton M Forni F Altare N Ansaldi 《Journal of clinical pathology》1990,43(9):762-765
Serum pepsinogen I, serum gastrin concentration, and inflammatory scores were measured in a population of 71 children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for investigation of upper abdominal pain. Forty four were initially colonised with Helicobacter pylori. The indices were measured before treatment (in 71 children), one month (in 41 children), and six months (in 21 children) after stopping treatment. Before treatment there was a significant correlation between serum pepsinogen concentration, total inflammatory score, and H pylori state, but no correlation between serum gastrin concentrations and H pylori state. Similarly, the total inflammatory score and serum pepsinogen concentrations were significantly correlated. There was no such correlation in children negative for H pylori. After treatment the inflammatory score improved in those patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated. There was also a significant fall in serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin concentration in those patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated. These results were similar to those found six months after treatment had been stopped. These findings suggest that the serum pepsinogen I concentration could be considered a useful marker for gastritis and can be used as an index of severity of gastritis in H pylori positive subjects. The measurement of serum gastrin concentrations does not give useful information. 相似文献
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Based on the dissection of 30 hemi-mandibles, the authors report a study of the inferior alveolar artery in its intraosseous course. On morphologic considerations they propose a classification of the collaterals into two groups: the principal collaterals destined for the teeth and the bony alveolar tissue and the secondary collaterals destined for the sheath and the nerve as well as the bony tissue around the canal. Loss of the teeth and absorption of the alveolar bone modify the caliber of the inferior alveolar arterial axis, the distribution of its collaterals and possibly its mode of termination. These facts suggest a consideration of the vascularization of the mandible in terms of four sectors. They arrive at practical conclusions that may be drawn from this study in stomatology. 相似文献