Emergency Medicine Residency Applicant Educational Debt Relationship with Attitude toward Training and Moonlighting

OBJECTIVES: Heated debate persists regarding the role of resident moonlighting in emergency medicine (EM). The attitudes of EM residency applicants have not been assessed. The objectives of this study were to assess: 1) the level of educational debt among EM residency applicants, 2) their perception of increased risk potential to patients from unsupervised EM resident practice, and 3) their opposition to laws restricting moonlighting. The authors then report the relationship between the degree of indebtedness and these stated positions. METHODS: Fifty-four EM residency programs returned 393 responses to a 1996 anonymous survey. Applicants recorded: 1) their indebtedness, 2) whether they believed that EDs should hire only physicians who have completed full training in an EM residency, and 3) whether they believed that unsupervised EM practice prior to completing EM training carries a higher risk of adverse patient outcomes. The authors used a t-test and logistic regression to determine whether there was any significant difference in debt between responders who answered yes and those who answered no to the various questions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD debt was $72,290 +/- 48,683 (median $70,000). Most EM applicants (84.8%) agreed that unsupervised medical care by EM residents carries a higher risk of adverse patient outcomes. Paradoxically, only half the applicants opposed a moonlighting ban. Responses did not statistically correlate with educational debt. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medicine residency applicant debt is large. The EM applicants' opposition to laws that would restrict moonlighting was mixed. This was inconsistent with the majority acknowledging an increased risk potential to patients. Nearly all EM applicants would still select EM as a career, even if moonlighting were to be banned.     

Accuracy of emergency medicine ultrasound in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm

This study assesses the accuracy of Emergency Medicine (EM) residents in detecting the size and presence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) using EM ultrasound (EUS) compared to radiology measurement (RAD) by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, or operative findings. There were 238 aortic EUS performed from 1999–2000; 36 were positive for AAA. The EUS finding of “AAA” had a sensitivity of 0.94 (0.86–1.0 95% confidence interval [CI]) and specificity of 1 (0.98–1.0 95% CI). Mean aortic diameter among patients with AAA identified by EUS was 5.43 ± 1.95 cm and by RAD was 5.35 ± 1.83 cm. The mean absolute difference between EUS and RAD diameters was 4.4 mm (95% CI 3.7–5.5 mm). Regression of EUS on RAD diameters is strongly correlated, with R² = 0.92. EM residents with appropriate training can accurately determine the presence of AAA as well as the maximal aortic diameter.     

Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: a Case Report and Literature Review

Purpose of Review

Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) has classically been associated with common variable immune deficiency (CVID), but is increasingly being reported in other immunodeficiencies. We describe the second reported case of GLILD in a patient with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and review the recent literature surrounding GLILD.

Recent Findings

GLILD is characterized by granulomata and lymphoproliferation. Consensus statements and retrospective and case-control studies have better elucidated the clinicopathological and radiographic manifestations of GLILD, allowing for its differentiation from similar conditions like sarcoidosis. Gaps of knowledge remain, however, particularly regarding optimal management strategies. Combination therapies targeting T and B cell populations have recently shown favorable results.

Summary

GLILD is associated with poorer outcomes in CVID. Its recognition as a rare complication of 22q11.2DS and other immunodeficiencies therefore has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. Additional research is needed to better understand the natural history and pathogenesis of GLILD and to develop evidence-based practice guidelines.

     

The occurrence of potential patient safety events among trauma patients: are they random?

OBJECTIVE: The Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality are validated measures of quality of care. The pattern of PSIs among adult trauma patients is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: The occurrence of PSI events should be random and have no identifiable pattern across age, gender, and racial groups in trauma, because trauma services are designed to be an equal-access system. DESIGN:: Retrospective analysis of a nationally representative dataset. SETTING: Nationwide Inpatient Sample (representative 20% sample from 37 states) for 5 years (2000 through 2004). PATIENTS: Patients aged > or =18 admitted primarily for trauma. OUTCOMES: Occurrence of at least one of the applicable PSIs on multiple logistic regression analysis, with confirmation by sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1.35 million trauma patients were identified, with 19,338 patients (1.43%) experiencing at least one of the applicable PSIs. On multivariate analysis, controlling for injury severity and disease comorbidity, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for occurrence of at least 1 applicable PSI were noted to increase for patients who are 1) above age 35, 2) male gender (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.31), and 3) black (OR 1.20 vs. whites, 95% CI 1.10-1.30) but not for any other racial groups. These results did not change significantly on sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are above age 35, male gender, and black are associated with increased likelihood of experiencing a patient safety event in trauma care. When all else is equal, black patients are approximately 20% more likely than any other racial groups to experience a patient safety event, even after controlling for injury severity and disease comorbidity. These findings can help institutions prioritize chart review-based investigations to determine potential targets of systems improvement.