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排序方式: 共有822条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Ketai LH; Williamson MR; Telepak RJ; Levy H; Koster FT; Nolte KB; Allen SE 《Radiology》1994,191(3):665
3.
Jean-Pierre Chanoine MD PhD Sarah Hampl MD FAAP Craig Jensen MD Mark Boldrin MS Jonathan Hauptman MD 李呈亿 《美国医学会杂志》2006,25(1):34-43
背景:儿童和青少年超重和肥胖正迅速增加。在该人群,单纯行为疗法减肥及维持体重下降的效果有限,但是对药物治疗尚未进行广泛的研究。
目的:确定奥利州他(Orlistat)在青少年体重治疗方面的效果及其安个性。
设计、地点和病例:于美国和加拿大32个中心、539例肥胖青少年(12—16岁;体重指数[body mass index,BMI]在第95百分化之上≥2单位)进行的多ln0、54剧(2000年8月至2002年10月)随机双盲研究。
干预:给予奥利司他(n=357)或安慰剂(n=182)120mg,每口3次,持续1年;加适度低热卡饮食(脂肪占30%)、运动和行为治疗。
主要观察指标:BMI变化;二级指标包括腰围和髋用、体重下降、脂质测量以及机体对口服葡萄糖的血糖和胰岛素反心。
结果:至12周时,两组BMI均有下降;此后,奥利司他组体重维持稳定而安慰剂组则超过基线。研究结束时,奥利司他组BMI下降0.55。而安慰剂组则增加0.31(P=0.001)。与安慰剂组的15.7%相比,奥利司他组26.5%的病例BMI下降≥5%(P=0.005);BMI下降≥10%者分别为4.5%和13.3%(P=0.002)。在研究结束时,奥利司他组体重增加0.53kg,安慰剂组增加3.14kg(P〈0.001)。双能X线吸收测量娃示,这种差异可用脂肪体再的变化解释。奥利司他组腰围下降,安慰剂组腰围上升(-1.33cm比+0.12cm;P〈0.05)。奥利司他组发生轻至中度胃肠道不良事件者为9%-50%,安慰剂组为1%~13%。
结论:与安慰剂比较,奥利司他与饮食、运动和行为改善联合可显著改善肥胖青少年体重的治疗。在这个青少年人群,连续使用奥利司他1年并无重要安全问题,尽管奥利司他组胃肠道不良事件较为常见。 相似文献
4.
Braffman BH; Coleman BG; Ramchandani P; Arger PH; Nodine CF; Dinsmore BJ; Louie A; Betsch SE 《Radiology》1994,190(3):797
5.
Kinnison ML; Perler BA; Kaufman SL; Mitchell SE; Kadir S; Williams GM; White RI Jr 《Radiology》1986,160(3):727-730
In situ saphenous vein grafts are being used with increasing frequency for bypass procedures involving the femoral and popliteal arteries. Complications of these procedures include anastomotic stenoses and persistent arteriovenous fistulae that may result in failure of the graft. Balloon angioplasty and embolotherapy with detachable balloons were employed successfully in three or four recent cases of patients with complications from in situ grafts. Tailored angiography is essential for evaluating in situ grafts, and interventional techniques are extremely useful for managing complications. 相似文献
6.
7.
Intestinal schistosomiasis japonica: CT-pathologic correlation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lee RC; Chiang JH; Chou YH; Rubesin SE; Wu HP; Jeng WC; Hsu CC; Tiu CM; Chang T 《Radiology》1994,193(2):539
8.
The effects of antioxidant supplementation during Percoll preparation on human sperm DNA integrity 总被引:20,自引:6,他引:20
Hughes CM; Lewis SE; McKelvey-Martin VJ; Thompson W 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1240-1247
The integrity of sperm DNA is crucial for the maintenance of genetic
health. A major source of damage is reactive oxygen species (ROS)
generation; therefore, antioxidants may afford protection to sperm DNA. The
objectives of the study were, first, to measure the effects of antioxidant
supplementation in vitro on endogenous DNA damage in spermatozoa using the
single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay and, second, to assess the
effect of antioxidant supplementation given prior to X-ray irradiation on
induced DNA damage. Spermatozoa from 150 patients were prepared by Percoll
centrifugation in the presence of ascorbic acid (300, 600 microM), alpha
tocopherol (30, 60 microM), urate (200, 400 microM), or acetyl cysteine (5,
10 microM). DNA damage was induced by 30 Gy X-irradiation. DNA strand
breakage was measured using the comet assay. Sperm DNA was protected from
DNA damage by ascorbic acid (600 microM), alpha tocopherol (30 and 60
microM) and urate (400 microM). These antioxidants provided protection from
subsequent DNA damage by X-ray irradiation. In contrast, acetyl cysteine or
ascorbate and alpha tocopherol together induced further DNA damage.
Supplementation in vitro with the antioxidants ascorbate, urate and alpha
tocopherol separately has beneficial effects for sperm DNA integrity.
相似文献
9.
Kirkpatrick SE; Pitlick PT; Naliboff J; Friedman WF 《The American journal of physiology》1976,231(2):495-500
10.
Detection of chromosomes and estimation of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa using fluorescence in-situ hybridization 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The development and application of fluorescence in-situ hybridization
(FISH) has opened the way for comprehensive studies on numerical chromosome
abnormalities in human spermatozoa. FISH can be rapidly applied to large
numbers of spermatozoa and thus overcomes the major limitation of
karyotyping spermatozoa after penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes. The
simultaneous hybridization of two or more chromosome-specific probes to
spermatozoa and subsequent detection of the bound probes using different
fluorescent detection systems enables two or more chromosomes to be
localized simultaneously in the same spermatozoon and provides a technique
for undertaking reasonable estimates of aneuploidy. The most commonly used
probes are those which bind to the centromeric region of specific
chromosomes. Most studies to date have concentrated on estimating
aneuploidy in spermatozoa from normospermic men, although reports are
beginning to appear on aneuploidy in spermatozoa from subfertile and
infertile men. Multi- probe FISH studies have generally reported disomy
(hyperhaploidy) estimates of 0.05-0.2% per chromosome. There is preliminary
evidence that some chromosomes such as X, Y and 21 are predisposed towards
higher rates of non-disjunction during spermatogenesis. There are also
suggestions of inter-donor variability in aneuploidy frequencies for
specific chromosomes, although this requires confirmation in larger
studies. While FISH is clearly a powerful technique that has many
applications in reproductive medicine, it must also be realized that it
does have limitations and the technology itself is still evolving and has
yet to be fully validated on spermatozoa.
相似文献