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排序方式: 共有89条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Pancreatic beta-cell survival is critical in the setting of diabetes as well as in islet transplantation. Transgenic mice overexpressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) targeted to beta-cells using the rat insulin II promoter (RIP) display hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, and islet hyperplasia, without a concomitant increase in beta-cell proliferation rate or enlargement of individual beta-cell size. Thus, the mechanism for increased beta-cell mass is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that beta-cells of transgenic mice are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo, as documented by a sixfold reduction in the rate of STZ-induced beta-cell death in RIP-PTHrP mice relative to their normal siblings. The reduced cell death in transgenic mice is due neither to their increased islet mass nor to a decrease in their sensing of STZ, but rather results from PTHrP-induced resistance to beta-cell death. This is also demonstrated in vitro by markedly reduced cell death rates observed in beta-cells of transgenic mice compared with normal mice when cultured in the absence of serum and glucose or in the presence of STZ. Finally, we demonstrated that NH(2)-terminal PTHrP inhibits beta-cell death. These findings support the concept that PTHrP overexpression increases islet mass in transgenic mice through inhibition of beta-cell death. 相似文献
2.
Darinka Mileusnic Edmund R. Donoghue Barry D. Lifschultz 《Fetal and pediatric pathology》2002,21(5):477-484
Valproic acid is a widely used drug in the treatment of epilepsy and, compared to other anticonvulsant drugs, is considered safe. The most common side effects of valproic acid ingestion or therapy are transient nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Most of these complaints are mild. However, more serious adverse reactions can occur such as hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis. It has been proposed that, whenever possible, valproic acid not be used in the younger child, the child with a severe seizure disorder or other neurological disorders, mental retardation, developmental delay, organic brain disease, congenital abnormalities, or the child who is taking multiple anticonvulsant drugs, as these factors may increase the likelihood of hepatotoxicity and/or pancreatitis. In the present report, we describe a fatal case of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a four and a half-year-old Hispanic female child who was receiving valproic acid in combination with another anticonvulsant drug for control of focal seizures. The patient also received the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. For pediatricians and forensic pathologists valproic acid-induced pancreatitis can be a challenging diagnosis which must not be mistaken for abdominal trauma. We discuss the workup of the patient and differential diagnosis. 相似文献
3.
Zorić L Aleksić P Koraćević D Trajković G 《Vojnosanitetski pregled. Military-medical and pharmaceutical review》2005,62(12):909-913
BACKGROUND/AIM: Oxidative stress results from increased oxidative processes, decreased antioxidative protection, or both processes simultaneously. Photooxidative stress, as a form of oxidative stress, induced by the energy of solar radiation, today is considered as crucial in the age-related cataractogenesis. Other known and unknown, endogenous and egsogenous factors that contribute to the oxidative stress intensity, can influnce the cataract type and brunescence. Thus the oxidative stress intensity and its form might determine the cataract type and brunescence, and also make the efforts in cataract prevention more complex. Hence, the objective of the present paper was to investigate the current amount of antioxidative capacity in aqueous humour during the cataract genesis of different types and pigmentation of cataract. METHODS: Transversal review of 80 samples of humour aqueous obtained during extracapsular cataract extraction. Aqueouses were analyzed by tiobarbituric acid (TBA) method for the total antioxidant activity estimation, expressed as %iMDA, and by using 0.1 ml of aqueous. RESULTS: The mixed type of cataract showed the statistically significantly lower values of the intensities of antioxidative protection in aqueous humour compared to cortical and nuclear cataracts (p < 0.001, respectively). Between pure nuclear and cortical cataracts we found the small differences of the investigated parameter, but they pointed to the decreased level of antioxidative protection, i.e. the increased intensity of the aqueous humour oxidative stress in the cortical cataract type. A significant correlation betweer the cortical cataract maturation and the %iMDA (p < 0.05) was found. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the oxidative stress, here expressed as the antioxidative capacity of aqueous humour, could not be the same for all the cataract types. The lower level of antioxidative protection of aqueous in brunescent and mixed cataracts may point to the higher intensity of oxidative stress in those cataract types. The correlation betweer the cortical cataract maturity and %iMDA points to the significant decrease of the aqueous antioxidative protection in the cataract progression. 相似文献
4.
Comprehensive strategy to prevent nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a highly endemic setting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tomic V Svetina Sorli P Trinkaus D Sorli J Widmer AF Trampuz A 《Archives of internal medicine》2004,164(18):2038-2043
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness and feasibility of a comprehensive strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a highly endemic setting have not yet been proved. Limited benefits and the high cost of such programs are the main concerns. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the effect of an aggressive infection control program on transmission of MRSA in the University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases. All patients with MRSA carriage during 5 years (January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2002) were included and categorized into imported or hospital-acquired cases. RESULTS: Methicillin-resistant S aureus was recovered from 223 hospitalized patients; 142 cases were imported and 81 were acquired at our institution. After introduction of the comprehensive infection control program in 1999, the annual incidence of MRSA carriage per 1000 admissions increased from 4.5 in 1998 to 8.0 in 1999 (P = .02), and remained stable thereafter. In this period, the proportion of MRSA cases acquired in our institution decreased from 50.0% in 1999 to 6.1% in 2002 (P<.001), whereas the proportion of MRSA cases transferred from other hospitals (P<.001) and nursing homes (P = .03) increased. All 19 MRSA carriers with 3 sets of follow-up cultures were successfully decolonized. CONCLUSIONS: With a comprehensive infection control program, it was possible to reduce nosocomial transmission of MRSA in a highly endemic setting. With good hand hygiene using alcohol handrub, early detection, isolation, and a decolonization strategy, containment of MRSA was achievable, despite a high rate of transferred patients with MRSA. 相似文献
5.
Darinka S. Dimitrova Damianka P. Getova Vesselin T. Belovezdov 《Central European Journal of Medicine》2007,2(4):430-446
Cholinesterase inhibitors are currently used in the therapy of different kind of dementia to improve brain memory functions.
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor metrifonate was studied in naive rats and in rats with a model of sodium nitrite-induced
hypoxia. One active avoidance test and in two passive avoidance tests were used. In the active avoidance test metrifonate
increased the number of avoidances during the learning session only. In both passive avoidance tests, metrifonate prolonged
latency differently during the learning session and in short-term or in long-term memory retention. Hypoxic rats showed lower
numbers of avoidances in learning and memory retention sessions. Metrifonate increased the number of avoidances during the
learning session for hypoxic rats. In the step-through passive avoidance test, metrifonate increased the latency of reactions
in the learning session and in long-term memory retention tests. In the step-down passive avoidance test, the groups with
hypoxia and metrifonate did not change the latency of reaction in the learning and long-term memory retention sessions, but
increased the latency of reactions in the short-term memory retention test. Morphological data showed a significant impaired
neuronal structure in a CA1 zone of the hippocampus in hypoxic rats and a tendency to preserving in rats treated with metrifonate.
Our results suggest that metrifonate improves cognitive functions in naive and in hypoxic rats. 相似文献
6.
7.
Signaling status of IgG B cell receptor (IgG BCR) is indicative for an activated state of circulating B cells in multiple myeloma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ilić V Milosević-Jovcić N Petrović S Marković D Bila J Bosković D Stefanović G Marković O Glibetić M 《Annals of hematology》2007,86(12):905-912
Circulating post-switch B cells have been proposed as proliferative and disseminating progenitors in multiple myeloma. It is unclear whether the class-switched antigen receptor expressed at the surface of these cells plays a role in their expansion. In this work, the signaling status of IgG B cell receptor (BCR) isolated from the lysates of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 32 patients with IgG multiple myeloma, at the time of diagnosis, was investigated by examining whether phosphorylation of BCR Igalpha and Igbeta signal transducer factors (co-receptors) or other signaling molecules was abnormal in these cells when compared with healthy controls. In IgG BCR of normal controls, weak phosphorylation of 56 and 61 kDa Src kinase-related proteins and unphosphorylated co-receptors were found. In myeloma, p56 and p61 kDa proteins, co-receptors, and other IgG BCR-associated proteins from the signal cascade were phosphorylated. Myeloma patients can be classified into subgroups by IgG BCR phosphorylation profiles which characteristically coordinated with the level of IgG paraprotein in serum and the stage of disease. There was a correlative trend between the extent of phosphorylation reduction and advanced stage of disease. Reduced phosphorylation was more pronounced with advanced stages of multiple myeloma. 相似文献
8.
9.
A M Tatum P A Greenberger D Mileusnic E R Donoghue B D Lifschultz 《Allergy and asthma proceedings》2001,22(5):285-291
To identify factors contributing to asthma mortality and improve our understanding of airway pathology in fatal asthma, we studied 44 cases of fatal asthma using records of one pathologist in the Office of the Medical Examiner. Records included death certificates, autopsies, toxicology, accounts by family and friends of the terminal episode, medical history of the deceased, police and paramedic reports, and hospital charts. Additionally, we interviewed by telephone surviving family and friends. Six (17%) of 35 patients were using inhaled corticosteroids at time of death. Of the nine patients who had seen a physician within 2 weeks of death, two were using corticosteroids. Toxicology was positive in 16 (38%) of 42 cases. Of the 20 patients with sudden-onset asthma (prodrome of increasing symptoms < 1 hour before death), 9 (45%) had positive toxicology. Patients with both sudden-onset and slow-onset asthma (prodrome > 3 hours before death) had airway mucosal or submucosal eosinophilic or neutrophilic infiltrates or both, as well as airways with and without mucus plugging. These findings indicate that asthma deaths are confounded by substance abuse and lack of anti-inflammatory therapy, and there is a heterogeneity in histological findings in sudden-onset and slow-onset asthma. 相似文献
10.
Frank Christian Schultze Reiner Andag Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh Draga Toncheva Svilen Maslyankov Nikolay Yaramov Nicolas von Ahsen Gunnar Brandhorst Philip D. Walson Michael Oellerich Darinka Todorova Petrova 《Clinical biochemistry》2014