Problem: Although efficacy studies of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) have shown evidence of treatment benefits, there is still need for studies on its effectiveness in natural clinical processes. This study investigates the development in health, substance use and social conditions of those who applied for OMT, including those denied access or discharged.
Method: First, persons assessed for admittance in 2005–2011 (n?=?127) were categorized into four trajectory groups based on whether they were admitted or denied (n?=?19), discharged (n?=?31), readmitted (n?=?21) or had been undergoing OMT without interruption (n?=?56). Second, 99 of these, the analytical sample, were interviewed at follow-up using (a) the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) for seven problem-areas and housing, and (b) self-rated change in 11 problem areas. The ASI was compared to baseline interviews after 55 months (mean). Third, outcomes within groups was studied in relation to alternative interventions.
Results: Within the analytical sample, those denied OMT showed no improvements at group level, those discharged had some improvements, more if readmitted than if not and those with uninterrupted OMT showed the most comprehensive improvements. Those outside OMT, denied and discharged, had considerable mortality risks related to ongoing drug use, especially in lack of well-planned alternative interventions.
Conclusion: Improvements strongly relate to access to OMT. This study underscores that access to OMT improves the situation in all areas investigated and decreases the risk for drug-related death. It underscores the importance of two major risk situations, i.e. being denied OMT and being discharged. 相似文献
BackgroundLittle is known of possible gender differences in treatment of periampullary tumours and outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), and the aim of this study was therefore to investigate any variances from national multicentre perspective.MethodsData from the Swedish National Registry for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer for all patients diagnosed with a periampullary tumour from 2012 throughout 2017 was collected. The material was analysed in two groups, men and women, for palliative treatment and curative intended resection.ResultsA total of 5677 patients were included, 2906 (51%) men and 2771 (49%) women. Women were older than men, 72 (65–78) years vs. 70 (64–76), p < 0.001. A lesser proportion of women were planned for resection (1131 (41%) vs. 1288 (44%), p = 0.008), but after adjusting for age and tumour location no difference was seen. Postoperative morbidity was equal, but women had significantly better long-term survival than men. The survival was equal for palliative men and women.ConclusionNo gender bias could be established when analysing treatment for periampullary tumours in Sweden, even though less women were offered surgery. Data suggest that even though women were older they tolerate surgery well and hence offering PD at a higher age for women could be suggested. 相似文献
We are reporting four cases of extensive, localized bone resorption adjacent to a rigidly anchored, cemented total hip replacement. None of these hips showed evidence of infection on clinical, bacteriological, or pathological evaluation. The tissue from the regions of osteolysis showed sheets of macrophages and foreign-body giant cells invading the femoral cortices. Abundant methylmethacrylate particulate debris was present in the tissues, but polyethylene wear debris was absent. The histological appearance of this tissue resembled that reported about loosened total hip implants with the exception of the synovial-like layer at the cement surface. The cases reported here show that aggressive bone lysis may occur around stable cemented total hip arthroplasties without the presence of sepsis or malignant disease. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: The mechanism of progression of established renal disease
remains unclear. While a low protein diet slows this progression, the role
of cytokines in this process has been little investigated. METHODS: We
investigated cytokine expression by Northern blot and immunohistochemistry
in two groups of 5/6 nephrectomized rats (5/6 Nx) fed a normal (24%) or low
(6%) protein diet and compared them with sham operated controls. RESULTS:
The rats on 6% protein diet had significantly less focal glomerulosclerosis
(FGS) (17.4 +/- 4.4 vs 27.4 +/- 8.8%, P < 0.05) and global sclerosis
(GGS) after 7 weeks (0.4 +/- 0.8 vs 3.5 +/- 2.1% of glomeruli P < 0.05).
Both experimental groups showed three times control levels of MCP-I
expression after 2 weeks. However in the 5/6 Nx 6% protein group the
expression decreased at 4 weeks (1.5 times controls) and reached control
levels after 7 weeks. In contrast, the 5/6 Nx 24% protein group exhibited a
further marked increase after 4 weeks (5.6 times controls) and was still
two-fold higher after 7 weeks. TGF-beta expression was modestly but
consistently increased at all time points (120-160% of controls), with no
difference between the two study groups. Neither IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha was
detectable at any time. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated TGF-beta
intracellularly in distal tubular cells in both experimental and control
animals, while MCP-1 protein was found in the area of FGS and in the apical
pole of distal tubular cells in both experimental groups. Glomerular and
interstitial ED1 positive cells were significantly increased after four
weeks in the 5/6 Nx 24% protein group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A
'mechanical' injury to the kidney clearly results in an inflammatory
response associated with the upregulation of MCP-1. A low protein diet
modulates the expression of MCP-1 and improves the morphological sequelae
seen after renal ablation.
相似文献
The normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract has been only cursorily examined. Consequently, the pathophysiology of
disturbances of the gastrointestinal functions is poorly known. Recurrent vomiting is one of many functional conditions for
which it is difficult to find an explanation and to treat. In the following a case is described of a patient presenting with
recurrent vomiting episodes, whose condition improved spontaneously during pregnancy and breast feeding. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral therapeutic component of patients with heart failure and shock. We hypothesized that the ratio of the peak mitral regurgitant velocity (MRV) (m/s) to left ventricular outflow time-velocity integral (TVI(LVOT)) (cm) by Doppler would provide a noninvasive correlate of SVR. METHODS: SVR was correlated to MRV/TVI(LVOT) in 33 patients undergoing right heart catheterization. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the best-balanced sensitivity and specificity to identify SVR > 14 Wood units (WU) and <10 WU. RESULTS: MRV/TVI(LVOT) correlated well with SVR (r = 0.842, 95% confidence interval 0.7-0.92, P <.001, Y = 0.459 + 49.397*X). By receiver operating characteristics, MRV/TVI(LVOT) > 0.27 had a 70% sensitivity and a 77% specificity to identify SVR > 14 WU. MRV/TVI(LVOT) < 0.2 had a 92% sensitivity and a 88% specificity to identify SVR < 10 WU. CONCLUSION: Doppler echocardiography provides a reliable noninvasive assessment of SVR. 相似文献