Benign intracranial hypertension and recombinant growth hormone therapy in Australia and New Zealand

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is reported in three children from Australia and one from New Zealand, who were being treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Three males and one female, aged between 10.5 and 14.2 y, developed intracranial hypertension within 2 weeks to 3 months of starting treatment. A national database, OZGROW, has been prospectively collecting data on all 3332 children treated with rhGH in Australia and New Zealand from January 1986 to 1996. The incidence of BIH in children treated with growth hormone (GH) is small, 1.2 per 1000 cases overall, but appears to be greater with biochemical GHD (<10IUml ^-1), i.e. 6.5/1000 (3 in 465 cases), relative risk 18.4, 95% confidence interval 1.9-176.1, than in all other children on the database. The incidence in patients with Turner's syndrome was 2.3/1000 (1 in 428 cases). No cases in patients with partial GHD (10–20 IUml ^-1) or chronic renal failure were identified. Possible causative mechanisms are discussed. The authors'practice is now to start GH replacement at less than the usual recommended dose of 14IUm-² week^-1 in those children considered to be at high risk of developing BIH. Ophthalmological evaluation is recommended for children before and during the first few months following commencement of rhGH therapy and is mandatory in the event of peripheral or facial oedema, persistent headaches, vomiting or visual symptoms. The absence of papilledema does not exclude the diagnosis.     

O,O′-二烷基-O″-(5-取代-3-苯并噻吩乙腈肟)磷酸酯及硫代磷酸酯的合成

合成了18个O,O′-二烷基-O″-(5-取代-3-苯并噻吩乙腈肟)磷酸酯及硫代磷酸酯类化合物(Ⅰ_1～18)。初步杀螺试验结果表明,其中5个化合物,即Ⅰ_2,3,7,11,12有明显的杀螺增效作用。     

Correspondence between theoretical models and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral cross-sectional growth during adolescence

We have developed an analytical model of long bone cross-sectional ontogeny in which appositional growth of the diaphysis is primarily driven by mechanical stimuli associated with increasing body mass during growth and development. In this study, our goal was to compare theoretical predictions of femoral diaphyseal structure from this model with measurements of femoral bone mineral and geometry by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Measurements of mid-diaphyseal femoral geometry and structure were made previously in 101 Caucasian adolescents and young adults 9–26 years of age. The data on measured bone mineral content and calculated section modulus were compared with the results of our analytical model of cross-sectional development of the human femur over the same age range. Both bone mineral content and section modulus showed good correspondence with experimental measurements when the relationships with age and body mass were examined. Strong linear relationships were evident for both parameters when examined as a function of body mass.     

Increased CSF F2-isoprostane concentration in probable AD

OBJECTIVE: To quantify F2-isoprostane levels in CSF obtained from the lumbar cistern of patients with AD, ALS, and controls. BACKGROUND: Studies of human postmortem tissue and experimental models have suggested a role for oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD and ALS. F2-isoprostanes are exclusive products of free-radical-mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid that have been widely used as quantitative biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in vivo in humans. Recently, we showed that F2-isoprostane concentrations are significantly elevated in CSF obtained postmortem from the lateral ventricles of patients with definite AD compared with controls. METHODS: F2-isoprostanes were quantified by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS: CSF F2-isoprostanes were increased significantly in patients with probable AD, but not in ALS patients, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased CSF F2-isoprostanes are not an inevitable consequence of neurodegeneration and suggest that increased brain oxidative damage may occur early in the course of AD.     

Childlessness in the United States: estimates from the National Survey of Family Growth

Using a representative sample of about 17,000 ever married women 15 to 44 years of age, this article presents national estimates of the prevalence and correlates of voluntary, involuntary, and temporary childlessness in the United States. These three groups of childless couples are compared with the parents of small planned families and other parents on a number of social, economic, marital, and family characteristics. When viewed cross sectionally, voluntarily childless couples constitute between 1.3% and 1.8% of currently married couples, depending on the definitions used. They are a distinctive but rare population. Their future prevalence depends primarily on the decisions of the large group of temporarily childless couples.